Occupational Health and Safety in the Care and Use of Nonhuman Primates (2003) / Chapter Skim
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4. Identifying Noninfectious Hazards
4. Identifying Noninfectious Hazards
Pages 59-67
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From page 59... ...
Comprehensive information on identification of hazards in laboratory and research animal settings is available (NRC 1995, 1997) , and there are widely accepted principles and guidelines for establishing and implementing effective occupational health and safety programs (International Labour Office 1998; NSC 1996, 1997~.
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From page 60... ...
gloves and arm covers; remain at safe working distance from animals; clean all wounds immediately, obtain medical attention Use safe needle systems when possible; do not recap needles; dispose of contaminated sharp devices in rigid waste container for disposal; clean wound site immediately, obtain medical attention Maintain good housekeeping, remove objects that could cause tripping and liquid or oily slip hazards; use slip-resistant footwear, flooring; maintain all stairs and elevated work platforms in good condition; use carts or dollies to transport animals or heavy objects; plan work so that heavy loads are not carried Do not exceed heavy-lift limits; design equipment and tasks to avoid awkward postures and motions and high repetitions; seek medical attention if early signs of musculoskeletal injury persist Mobile cage and cart handles should be located so as not to expose hands. Crushing injuries from door frames, other adjacent objects; use two persons for moving heavy-wheeled equipment noninfectious hazards should also involve a qualified health and safety professional with training in ergonomic hazards.
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From page 61... ...
; provide hearing protection for high-noise operations; educate personnel on the hazards of noise-induced hearing loss and on the hearing-conservation program Minimize exposure to airborne allergens by use of dust-capture ventilation and personal protective dust respirators; remain alert to signs suggestive of an allergic reactions (e.g., rhinitis, conjunctivitis, coughing, sneezing, wheezing) Provide frequent breaks and drinking water; reduce level and duration of exertion when more protective equipment is worn in high temperatures; consider using personal cooling devices in situations of extreme heat or exertion and tools, and personal protective equipment (PPE)
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From page 62... ...
These types of work injuries and illnesses differ from acute traumatic injuries, such as lumbar strain following the lifting of a single heavy object. Repetitive strain injuries and cumulative trauma disorders are characterized by a slower development of impairment and disability and commonly involve a relatively low-force task that workers
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From page 63... ...
Direct skin contact with the steam washing stream or with noninsulated piping or handles can cause burn injuries that can be severe. Eye contact with a direct stream of pressurized steam can cause serious eye injury, including blindness.
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From page 64... ...
The products of combustion can include carbon monoxide and other toxic emissions that can create unhealthful air contamination. Noise Work in nonhuman-primate housing areas and such activities as cage washing can expose personnel to noise that can cause material and insidious hearing loss over time.
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From page 65... ...
Personnel should be provided with appropriately scheduled break periods, allowing them to replenish their volume losses of water and minimize the effects of reduced cooling ability when PPE is being used under high ambient temperature conditions. Respiratory protective equipment must be selected on the basis of the specific airborne hazards present, and it must be medically determined that a person is fit to use it.
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From page 66... ...
Isofluorane, halothane, nitrous oxide, enflurane Prevent splash exposures to corrosive solutions by using face shields or safety goggles; avoid contact by use of impervious gloves, apron, sleeve covers, boots, other chemical-impervious equipment; where potentially injurious gaseous or aerosol aircontaminant exposures are possible, provide capture exhaust ventilation or respiratory protection Use a scavenging anesthesia system to capture waste anesthetic gases; vacuum or mechanical venting of scavenging system is most effective; do not use electrocautery or other sparking equipment where oxygen and anesthetic gases are being released Disinfectants Disinfectant solutions are used extensively in nonhuman-primate settings and have been the cause of skin and eye irritation and corrosive burn injuries. Disinfectant cleaners that are in common use include: · Bleach (sodium hypochlorite)
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From page 67... ...
Volatile Anesthetics Volatile anesthetic agents are used in nonhuman-primate operations during surgical procedures performed for animal health care and research-protocol purposes, typically including: · Halothane · Nitrous oxide · Enflurane · Isoflurane Most of the volatile anesthetic agents are potentially toxic and have effects on the liver and nervous system and evidence of increased risk of adverse reproductive effects. NIOSH has issued guidelines for control of exposure to anesthetic agents in surgical operations (NIOSH 1977~.
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