Reducing Underage Drinking A Collective Responsibility (2004) / Chapter Skim
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6 Alcohol Use and Misuse: Prevention Strategies with Minors--William Hansen and Linda Dusenbury
6 Alcohol Use and Misuse: Prevention Strategies with Minors--William Hansen and Linda Dusenbury
Pages 437-457
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SCHOOL-BASED APPROACHES Extensive research has been completed during the past two decades on school-based approaches to alcohol prevention. To a large extent, these approaches have taken advantage of several facts.
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. The original goal of AMPS was to reduce the prevalence of alcohol use among middle school students through an intervention that focused on resistance skills training.
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Control supervised drinkers significantly increased their alcohol misuse from pretest to posttests at grades seven and eight. Treatment group supervised drinkers significantly increased their alcohol misuse from pretest to grade eight posttest.
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Taking into account students' drinking histories may enhance the effectiveness of alcohol use prevention programs. A recently completed analysis of data from AMPS examined the role of resistance skills and normative beliefs (Wynn, Schulenberg, Maggs, and Zucker, 2000)
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The Resistance Skills Training program significantly improved the skills of students who received instruction. Similarly, students exposed to Normative Education had improved significantly, meaning more conventional perceptions of alcohol, tobacco, and marijuana use norms within the peer group.
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Project Northland Project Northland is a communitywide alcohol use prevention program for young adolescents that builds on research of the past two decades in
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Project Northland included three school interventions -- Slick Tracy, delivered during sixth grade; Amazing Alternatives! , delivered during seventh grade; and PowerLines, delivered during eighth grade.
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Students interviewed parents, local government, law enforcement, school teachers and administrators, and retail alcohol merchants about their beliefs and activities concerning adolescent alcohol use. Students conducted a "town meeting" in which small groups of students represented various community groups and made recommendations for community action for alcohol use prevention.
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From page 445... ...
Indeed, many of these projects target multiple substances because of the evidence that demonstrates strong linkages among them. The Life Skills Training program, a broader personal and social skills training program for middle school students, is designed to prevent tobacco, alcohol, and drug use, and has been evaluated in 10 separate published evaluation studies (Botvin, Baker, Dusenbury, Botvin, and Diaz, 1995; Botvin, Baker, Dusenbury, Tartu, and Botvin, 1990; Botvin et al., 1989a; Botvin, Dusenbury, Baker, James-Ortiz, and Kerner, 1989b; Botvin et al., 1992; Botvin and Eng, 1982; Botvin, Renick, and Baker, 1983; Botvin, Baker, Botvin, Filazzola, and Millman, 1984; Botvin, Schinke, Epstein, and Diaz, 1994)
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. A substance abuse prevention component for grades five through eight that was later integrated into the Michigan Model, a comprehensive health education curriculum, was recently evaluated in a small study (Shope, Copeland, Marcoux, and Kamp, 1996)
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of child abuse or neglect, 69 percent fewer arrests of the mother, and a 44 percent reduction in behavioral problems due to alcohol and drug abuse. The Michigan State University Multiple Risk Outreach Program was designed to interrupt important family mediators of later alcoholism.
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Specifically, the program includes family-based components in sixth and seventh grades, a schoolbased component in seventh grade, and a community-based component in eighth grade. During eight sessions per year for 3 years, the school-based program emphasizes Normative Education and Social Resistance Skills Training.
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In terms of effects specific to the family-based component, by the end of sixth grade more intervention than reference students reported that their parents had spoken to them about drinking. By the end of eighth grade more students reported that their families had rules about drinking.
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In Project Northland, communitywide task forces were mobilized to reduce the availability of alcohol and to improve community attitudes about and against teen drinking (Perry et al., 1996; Williams and Perry, 1998) during the first year of the project.
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It improved practices in places that serve alcohol, it increased the number of alcohol merchants checking age, and reduced the number of older teens providing alcohol to other teens. Community Trials Intervention to Reduce High Risk Drinking is a multicomponent, community-based intervention that targets environmental factors supporting alcohol use (Holder et al., 1997)
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Communities and schools are encouraged to use interactive substance use prevention programs, especially those that combine community involvement or work to change school environment. Communities should adopt prevention interventions that include school, family, and community components.
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Increasing parent-child communication concerning alcohol use promotes positive norms at home and helps parents to explain reasons for monitoring their children. Educational programs need to be interactive in their approach.
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. Effectiveness of culturally focused and generic skills training approaches to alcohol and drug abuse prevention among minority youths.
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. Differential effectiveness of an elementary school-based alcohol misuse prevention program by type of prior drinking experience.
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. Modeling prevention program effects on growth in substance use: Analysis of five years of data from the adolescent alcohol prevention trial.
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. School-based adolescent drug prevention programs: 1998 meta-analysis.
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