Guidelines for the Care and Use of Mammals in Neuroscience and Behavioral Research (2003) / Chapter Skim
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6 Studies of Neural Injury and Disease
6 Studies of Neural Injury and Disease
Pages 94-101
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From page 94... ...
. Major considerations in the evaluation of research protocols and the management of animals experiencing those conditions are assessment of animal wellbeing, provision of appropriate nursing care and pain management, limitation of the duration and severity of the condition to be consistent with the experimental goal, and, in some cases, assessment and minimization of potential human health risks.
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From page 95... ...
, the adverse consequences to the animal should be minimized as much as possible without jeopardizing the research goals. Potential interventions include the provision of easy access to water and perhaps to highly palatable food, promotion of urination and defecation, avoidance of decubital ulceration, maintenance of fluid balance, administration of appropriate analgesic or tranquilizing drugs, and, for some species, human contact to soothe and comfort the animal.
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From page 96... ...
Secondary medical conditions (diabetic neuropathy, renal or hepatic encephalopathy) Pain (peripheral nerve damage, tissue damage, central nervous system damage)
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From page 97... ...
Surgical or vacuum ablations, stereotaxic administration of neurotoxins, electric lesioning, and vascular occlusions require opening the cranial cavity and are considered major survival surgery that requires aseptic technique and, depending on the circumstances, the use of dedicated facilities (NRC, 1996~. Noninvasive techniques can include radiation, blunt trauma, and intravenous administration of neurotoxins, although some of these methods may also be applied directly to the brain after surgical opening of the skull.
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From page 98... ...
The deficits then can be studied to develop treatments that lead to recovery of function, as in spinal cord or peripheral nerve injury research. Common, clinically relevant lesion models include spinal cord contusion (Allen,1911; Dohrmann et al.,1978; Wrathall et al., 1985)
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From page 99... ...
ANIMAL MODELS INVOLVING PAIN The approaches used to recognize and treat unintended pain originating in neuroscience studies and in studies of pain are basically the same and are discussed elsewhere ("Pain and Distress" in Chapter 2~. This section focuses on models of inflammation and nerve injury that produce pain so that its underlying mechanisms can be studied.
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From page 100... ...
All three models mimic clinical conditions of painful neuropathy and yield evidence of persistent spontaneous pain, allodynia (pain resulting from a nonnoxious stimuli) , and hyperalgesia.
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From page 101... ...
Because some models produce persistent pain that the animals cannot control, it is important that investigators assess the level of pain in these animals and provide analgesic agents when they do not interfere with the purpose of the experiment. A reduction in body weight or a significant deviation from normal behavior such as a change in normal activity patterns, social adjustment, feeding behavior, and sleep-wake patterns suggests that an animal is in severe and possibly intolerable pain.
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