Dynamic Social Network Modeling and Analysis Workshop Summary and Papers (2003) / Chapter Skim
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Session II: Dynamic Social Networks
Session II: Dynamic Social Networks
Informal Social Roles and the Evolution and Stability of Social Networks
Pages 119-132
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SESSION II Dynamic Social Networks
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found that the evolution of globally coherent networks in Antarctic winter-over groups was associated with group consensus on the presence of critically important informal social roles (e.g., expressive leadership) where global coherence is the extent to which a network forms a single group composed of a unitary core and periphery as opposed to being fragmented into two or more subgroups.
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Role Consensus Agreement on individual status. Role collisions leading to group role, and function divisions Role Redundancy For certain informal roles can Structural Vulnerability enhance network adaptability Role Latency Promotes adaptive responses to Structural Vulnerability unforeseen events Formal/Inforn~al Role Promotes agreement on group Role collisions leading to group Ison~orphism goals and objectives divisions Informal Roles and Emergent Properties: Examples of the Ties That Bind In a dynamic world there is no guarantee of group or network stability over time despite the best intentions of formal organizational efforts (Johnson and Parks 19981.
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and Johnson and Finney (1986) described the function of the informal social role of 'courtjester' for fostering group cohesion during periods of stress in both fishers in an isolated fish camp in Alaska and in Antarctic expeditions.
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Thus, fisher 1 provided comic relief and brought fishers together in positive face to face interactions thereby diminishing chances for intra-group conflicts during this particularly stressful period. Once fish prices were settled the role of court jester receded as fishers immersed themselves in their fishing, activities.
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Of the remaining 2 years, year B had high consensus on 3 individuals in the role of clown while year C had only moderate consensus on one crew member in this informal role. Further, year C had high consensus on one crew member in a negative deviant role, while the remaining 2 years had limited negative deviance with the exception of moderate consensus on one deviant role in year DYNAMIC SOCIAL NETWORK MODELING ED ISIS 125
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What separates expressive from instrumer~;al leadership is the arena in which each operates. Whereas instrumental leadership generally deals with achieving organizational goals and objectives related to work, expressive leadership, as its name entails, involves leadership and direction in a variety of mostly non-work realms.
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and informal instrumental leadership. By winter's end 100 percent of the crew in year A nominated the formal station manager as the in foal work leader with moderate consensus on informal work leadership for two other crewmembers.
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demonstrated that informal role properties of these winter-over groups were important for understanding the evolution of coherent group structures. Globally coherent structures were associated with role consensus, role heterogeneity, expressive leadership, functional deviance, and an overlap between formal arid informal instrumental leadership, while local coherence (presence of 128 DYNAMIC SOCKS N~TWO=MOD~G ED TRYSTS
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Aside from these structural consequences of informal role properties, what effect do these :factors have on such things as group morale, psychological well-being, and group productivity? Figure 4 is a graph of changes in 'overall morale' of group members over the 9 months of the winter.
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Low * Redundancy is low in terms of expressive leadership but high in terms of instrumental leadership leading to role competition for the work leadership position 130 DYNAMIC SOCIAL NETWORK MODELING kD ISIS
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has been concerned with the removal of nodes and its effect on network fragmentation and inter-node distances. Kathleen Carley has recently examined the importance of node insertion in disrupting network structures and the importance of extra-network information in predicting network change and adaptability (e.g., a talk at the Cambridge Colloquium Complexity and Social Networks in December 20011.
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