International Perspectives The Future of Nonhuman Primate Resources: Proceedings of the Workshop Held April 17-19, 2002 (2003) / Chapter Skim
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Session 7: Unresolved Issues
Session 7: Unresolved Issues
Pages 207-226
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Session 7 Unresolved Issues
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The most obvious component of that crisis, of course, is the shortage of nonhuman primates for biomedical research, especially rhesus monkeys, at a time when the opportunities for solving global health problems are far greater than they have ever been in the past, partly as a consequence of the revolutions in genetics, genomics, and molecular biology. This is also a time when entire societies of some developing countries are being destroyed by AIDS, superimposed on other infectious diseases that impose a huge burden of 209
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We have heard about insufficient infrastructure for conducting experimental research, particularly as we have new needs with the emerging infectious diseases and the bioterrorism initiative. We have heard about a shortage of veterinary pathologists and laboratory animal veterinarians, trained to work particularly with nonhuman primates.
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It is necessary to survive, to publish, and to deliver the quality we have in each of our fields; however, I wonder whether we should be spending a little more time thinking about the laboratory field interface. There is a lot of human primate interface with
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I think with clear focus on particular questions in virology and other zoonoses, we might learn a great deal. I was also encouraged about the new initiatives to set up cell banks and develop stem cells from origins other than embryonic ones.
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Mittermeier described last night should be increased within the established research arena, such as the national primate center's program. We have great difficulty in convincing site reviewers and grant reviewers of the need for that commitment because there is such a great focus on the end product, of specific research programs that focus on molecular biology of the AIDS virus and the molecular advances in neurosciences and imaging and all of the things we know are important.
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Abee, University of Southern Alabama) : I will begin simply by reminding everyone that 1978 was the last time we created a national primate plan, when we looked at all of the primate resources and how they should be used in biomedical research and then tried to think forward.
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It has been very clear from the discussions at this meeting that the world is very integrated in its use and supply of nonhuman primates, and an international primate plan makes much more sense than a national primate plan.
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From the discussion of the last few days, it would seem that as nonhuman primate resources become scarce, a more vigorous effort to bank its cells and tissues from these animals is essential. Although cell cultures could not be used for all of the studies suggested, they would be useful for genetic studies, comparative and functional genomics, and aging and normal biology.
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Although 15 or 20 years ago we thought we had collected enough blood samples from them to have enough DNA to last as long as we wanted, we now find ourselves short of DNA, with a loss of that opportunity for future genetic research. If we had immortalized cultures or even had established cultures from those animals, it would have been very valuable to the future of nonhuman primate research.
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That subsidy is a critical element of the base grant function. Additionally, in terms of educating the investigator or getting the message out there and also in the context of developing an international primate plan, I believe it is important to obtain some consensus or body of information from the different NIH institutes about primate demands and model leads.
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Roberts' suggestion is an excellent idea for one of the potential charges to a committee developing an international primate plan. Someone must assemble that information.
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In the case of the squirrel monkey, even a minimal amount of genetics will be informative because we do not know from precisely where the original squirrel monkeys came that were exported in the 1980s and have been good models. Making a small investment in those things would be a great contribution to having programs work well.
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DR. MCGREAL (Shirley McGreal, International Primate Protection League)
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: I certainly support the idea of the international primate plan as a way of enhancing international collaboration. In Kenya, we have facilities that fulfill the international standards, and we have developed private models for looking at different aspects of infectious diseases, reproductive health, virology, and primate conservation.
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I think that an international primate plan should include convincing arguments to support the need to look to the longer term future rather than simply to the immediate needs of this year or maybe next year not only to project the needs, but also to make the case very clearly that those needs must be thought of many years in advance, rather than when they actually arise. We have talked about an international primate plan.
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is the question of genetic standardization. Twenty years ago, there was very little genetic research being done with nonhuman primates very little genetic monitoring and very little genetic management.
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, and through the primate research centers to some of the Asian and African countries. The resources that allowed us to arrange this meeting could also allow us to serve as the foundation for working on an international plan.
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To follow that process may be the best way forward here in a relatively independent way to acknowledge and integrate the different bodies from NIH, from industry, and from the international community in delivering quickly a clear and fairly simple international primate plan.
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