Skip to main content

Currently Skimming:

Index
Pages 385-398

The Chapter Skim interface presents what we've algorithmically identified as the most significant single chunk of text within every page in the chapter.
Select key terms on the right to highlight them within pages of the chapter.


From page 385...
... See Adaptive Environmental Assessment and Management program Age distributions of suckers in Upper Klamath Lake, 205 Age structure, 204-207 of shortnose sucker sample from Copco Reservoir, 210 Agency Lake bathymetric map of, 98 Agriculture in the Klamath basin, 67-71 Ammonia, 116-117 Amory, Copley, 68 Aphanizomenon flos-aquae, 5-7, 13 explanations of dominance by, 108-110 Aquatic environments, 53-57 in the lower Klamath basin, 57 in the upper Klamath basin, 53-56
From page 386...
... , 306 Changes in cropping and water wells in the Scott Valley, 166 in numbers of cattle and cumulative acres of drained wetland in Klamath County, Oregon, 64 in operation of hatcheries, 303-304 Characteristics of farms and farm operators, 80, 90 of the lower Klamath basin, 1997, 90 of the upper Klamath basin, 1997, 80 Chasmistes brevirostris. See Shortnose suckers Chiloquin Dam removal of, 223 on the Sprague River, 3, 15 Chinook salmon, 8, 263-270 fall-run chinook salmon, 264-268 spring-run chinook salmon, 268-270 Chlorophyll changes over growing season, 111 relationship to water level in Upper Klamath Lake, 113 CH2M HILL, 223 Chum salmon, 274 Clean Water Act of 1972, 305 Clear Lake, 7, 13, 129-132 map of, 130 Clear Lake National Wildlife Refuge, 129 Climate and historical hydropattern of the Klamath River watershed, 51-53 Coast Range Geologic Province, 170 Coastal cutthroat trout, 274-275 Coho salmon, 252-263 findings about, 7-8 hatcheries, 262-263 life history, 254-261 pictured, 254 pools containing juvenile coho salmon, chinook salmon, and steelhead along main stem of Klamath River, 2001, as determined in snorkeling surveys, 257 population cycles in California, 261 status, 263 See also Threatened coho salmon Columnaris disease, 201, 238 Comparative biology of suckers lessons from, 246-247
From page 387...
... , 340341 Employment, 77, 86 in lower Klamath basin, 86 in upper Klamath basin, 77 Endangered Species Act of 1973 (ESA) , 1, 4, 10, 17-19, 28, 146, 305 Endangered sucker species, 38-41, 346-349 commitments of the USER Biological Assessments of 2002 that are relevant to, 39 geographic subpopulations of in the upper Klamath basin, 216 needs for new information, 346-347 remedial actions, 347-349 the USER biological assessment, 38-40 the USFWS biological opinion, 40-41 Endangered suckers in other Klamath basin waters, 209-212 Endangered suckers of the Klamath River basin, 189-212, 190 age-class structure, 204-207 age distributions of suckers in Upper Klamath Lake based on fish kills, 205 age structure of a small sample of shortnose suckers taken from Copco Reservoir, 1987, 210 · A ~ A conservation status, 212 current and former distribution of adult Lost River suckers and shortnose suckers in the Klamath basin, 192
From page 388...
... See Evolutionarily significant unit Eulachon, 275 Evolutionarily significant unit (ESU) , 262 Explanations summarized, 282-283 INDEX Export based employment, 1998, 78, 87 lower Klamath basin, 87 upper Klamath basin, 78 Extent of mortality, 278-279 F Facilitating recovery of coho salmon and other anadromous fishes of the Klamath River, 287-310 changes in operation of hatcheries, 303304 creation of a framework for fish management, 305-307 land-management practices, 304 lowermost Klamath and ocean conditions, 301-302 main-stem Klamath River, 298-301 possible future effects of climate change, 307-308 removal of dams, 302-303 restoration of tributaries, 287-298 Factors likely to limit production of coho and other salmonids in the Shasta, Scott, Salmon, and Trinity Rivers and their tributaries, 288 Factors relevant to all life-history stages, 240-244 hybridization and introgression, 242244 nonindigenous species as predators and competitors, 242 water quality, 241-242 Fall-run chinook salmon, 264-268 hatcheries, 267 life history of fall-run chinook salmon 264-267 status, 267-268 Farms in the Klamath Reclamation Project and in the upper Klamath basin, 83 Fathead minnow, 188 Federal agency conservation duty, 321-323 Federal Energy Regulatory Commission (FERC)
From page 389...
... , 92-93 Fishes, 26-28 "mass mortality" of, 6, 202, 219 Fishes of the lower Klamath basin, 250-286 chinook salmon, 263-270 chum salmon, 274 coastal cutthroat trout, 274-275 coho salmon, 252-263 eulachon, 275 green sturgeon, 276 mass mortality of fish in the Lower Klamath River in 2002, 278-283 native fishes of the Lower Klamath River and its tributaries, 251-252 nonnative fishes of the Lower Klamath and Trinity Rivers, 253 nonnative nonanadromous species, 277 nonnative species, 277-278 Pacific lamprey, 276-277 pink salmon, 274 steelhead, 270-274 Fishes of the upper Klamath basin, 179-213 endangered suckers of the Klamath basin, 189-212 native fishes, 180-188 nonnative fishes, 188-189 Fishing and attempts to regulate loss of fish, 71 Flavobacterium columnare, 201 Flows under conditions of average water availability in the upper Klamath basin, 22 Framework for fish management, 305-307 Central Valley Project Improvement Act, 306 Clean Water Act of 1972, 305 Endangered Species Act of 1973, 305 389 Fish and Wildlife Coordination Act of 1934, 305 National Environmental Policy Act of 1970, 305 National Forest Management Act of 1976, 305 Sustainable Fisheries Act of 1996, 305 Trinity River Basin Fish and Wildlife Management Act, 305-306 Trinity River Stream Rectification Act, 305 Wild and Scenic Rivers Act of 1968, 305 Fur trapping in the Klamath basin, 59 G Gabrielson, Ira, 69 Geologic setting of the Klamath River watershed, 46-51 Gerber Reservoir, 7, 132-133 Global circulation models (GCM) , 307 Gold-bearing placer deposits, 60 Gorda Plates, 46 Gordon Report, 63 Grab-sample data for surface waters in the main-stem reservoir system, 2001, 140 Green sturgeon, 276 H Habitat loss of adults, 240 Hardy Phase II draft report, 298 Hatcheries of coho salmon, 262-263 of fall-run chinook salmon, 267 of winter steelhead, 272-273 History of land use in the Klamath basin, 57-71 agriculture, 67-71 changes in numbers of cattle and cumulative acres of drained wetland in Klamath County, Oregon, 64 fur trapping, 59 mining, 59-63 ranching, 63-65 timber, 65-67
From page 390...
... , 342 Klamath River lamprey, 182 Klamath River watershed, 46-53 climate and historical hydropattern, 5153 geologic setting, 46-51 runoff, yield, and basin areas for, 52 Klamath smallscale sucker, 184 Klamath Strait Drain, 135 Klamath Straits, 54 Klamath Tribes Native Fish Hatchery, 245 Klamath tui chub, 182 KR13RTF. See Klamath River Basin Restoration Task Force L Lake of the Woods, 13,218 Lampreys, 181-182 Land-management practices, 304 Land use and water management, 46-94 aquatic environments, 53-57 description of the Klamath River watershed, 46-53 economy of the Klamath basin, 74-93 fishing and attempts to regulate loss of fish, 71 history of land use in the Klamath basin, 57-71 overview, 93-94 wetland transformations, 71-74 Larvae, 196-198 adequacy of nursery habitat for, 232-236 hydraulic transport of, 12 overview of production of, 236-237 Larval habitat availability calculated as percentage of lakeshore inundated to a depth of at least 1 ft for lake edge and marsh regions, 233 Legal, regulatory, and administrative context of recovery actions, 9-10 Life history of fishes coho salmon, 254-261 fall-run chinook salmon, 264-267 spring-run chinook salmon, 268-269 summer steelhead, 273-274 winter steelhead, 270-272
From page 391...
... and 3,000 cfs (13) under meteorological conditions of August 14, 1996, 150 Management of ecosystems determination of goals and objectives for, 334 Management of flow at Iron Gate Dam' 299-301 Maps of Clear Lake, 130 depicting substantial water diversions from the Shasta River below Dwinnell Dam, 155 of the Klamath River basin showing surface waters and landmarks, 2 of the upper Klamath basin, 23 of the upper Klamath River basin showing surface waters and landmarks, 18 Marbled sculpins, 187-188 Marbut, C
From page 392...
... , 30s National Marine Fisheries Service (NMFS) , 1, 3, 28, 263, 298-299, 312-330 biological opinion on threatened coho salmon, 43-44 Native species, 180-188 Catostomidae suckers, 184 Cottidae sculpins, 186-188 Cyprinidae minnows, 182-183 of the Lower Klamath River and its tributaries, 251-252 native fishes of the upper Klamath basin, 181 and the paradox of persistent endemics, 244 Petromyzontidae lampreys, 181-182 Salmonidae salmon and trout, 184-186 of the upper Klamath basin, 181 Nature Conservancy, The, 33, 73, 234 INDEX connected to Upper Klamath Lake, 72 New information needs about the endangered Lost River and shortnose suckers, 346-347 about threatened coho salmon, 14-15, 349-350 NFMA.
From page 393...
... INDEX Overview of water quality in Upper Klamath Lake, 122-125 Oxygenation as a management tool, 128129 p Pacific Fisheries Management Council, 306 Pacific Flyway, 54 Pacific lamprey, 276-277 PacifiCorp, 24, 41-43, 139 Perch, 188-189 Perspective on age-class structure and strength, mortality, and reproductive output, 208-209 Petromyzontidae, 181-182 pH, 113-116 Phosphorus in Upper Klamath Lake, 5, 103-108 Physiological tolerances, 200-203 Pink salmon, 274 Planning and external review recommendation, 345-346 Policy options and restoration activities, 337-339 Population cycles of coho salmon in California, 261 Production and viability of eggs, 222-230 abandonment of spawning areas, 228230 dams, 222-224 degradation of spawning areas, 227-228 water level in Upper Klamath Lake, 224-227 Prohibition against jeopardy and adverse modification caused by federal agencies, 323-325 of take and incidental take, 325-329 R Ranching in the Klamath basin, 63-65 Razorback suckers, 246 Recommendations, 10-15, 344-352 on basinwide issues, 344-346 costs of remediation, 15-16, 352 endangered Lost River and shortnose Requirements suckers, 346-349 393 new Information needed on coho salmon, 14-15 planning and external review, 345-346 planning and organization of research and monitoring for listed species, 11-12 priority of recovery actions based on current knowledge of endangered suckers, 13-14 remediation measures justified from current knowledge, 15 research and monitoring on endangered suckers, 12-13 scope of ESA actions by NMFS and USFWS, 11, 344-345 threatened coho salmon, 349-352 Record of Decision (ROD) , 25, 296-297 Recovery issues, 244-246 captive propagation, 245 critical habitat, 245-246 legal, regulatory, and administrative context of, 9-10 other natives and the paradox of persistent endemics, 244 planning, 320-321 Redband trout, 185-186 Regulatory consequences, 321-329 authorities prohibiting take and incidental take, 325-329 federal agency conservation duty, 321323 prohibition against jeopardy and adverse modification caused by federal agency, 323-325 Regulatory context of the Endangered Species Act, 311-331 overview of the ESA in the Klamath context, 312-316 regulatory consequences, 321-329 species listing and designation of critical habitat, 316-321 Remediation of the endangered Lost River and shortnose suckers, 347-349 measures justified from current knowledge, 15 proposals for, 335 of threatened coho salmon, 350-351 Removal of dams, 223, 302-303 1 - _ _ of the Endangered Species Act, 28-30 for protection and recovery, 217-219
From page 394...
... within the Shasta River below Dwinnell Dam during the summer of 2001, 158 Shortnose suckers, 3-7 findings about, 3-7 Klamath Indian name for, 58 locations of current and past populations of, 193 other locations in the Klamath basin, 7 Upper Klamath Lake, 3-7 Sierra Nevada block, 48 Simpson, George, 59 Siskiyou County Resource Conservation District (SRCD) , 70, 162 Slender sculpins, 187 Small main-stem tributaries, 298 Smolts, 7-8 Snake River suckers, 246 SONCC.
From page 395...
... pawnmg areas abandonment of, 228-230 Spawning-run abundances of lake suckers, lower Williamson River, 19952001, 206 Species listing and designation of critical habitat, 316-321 designation of critical habitat, 318-320 listing of endangered and threatened species, 317 recovery planning, 320-321 ~pecies-specific orientation of the ESA, 316 Speckled dace, 183 Sprague River Chiloquin Dam on, 3 Spring-run chinook salmon, 268-270 life history, 268-269 status, 269-270 SRCD. See Siskiyou County Resource Conservation District Status findings of adaptive management in the Klamath basin, 335-337 of coho salmon, 263 of fall-run chinook salmon, 267-268 of spring-run chinook salmon, 269-270 of summer steelhead, 274 of various hypotheses related to water quality of Upper Klamath Lake 123 of winter steelhead, 273 Status of river and stream ecosystems, 144178 Lost River, 146-147 main-stem Klamath, from Iron Gate Dam to Orleans, 147-153 main-stem Klamath to the Pacific, 176177 minor tributaries to the lower Klamath main stem, 175-176 Salmon River, 168 Scott River, 159-168 Shasta River, 153-159 tributaries to Upper Klamath Lake, 144146 Trinity River, 168-175 395 Steelhead, 270-274 summer steelhead, 273-274 winter steelhead, 270-273 Stress in suckers of Upper Klamath Lake incidence indicators of, 239 Structural change, 1969-1999, 75, 85 in the lower Klamath basin economy, 85 in the upper Klamath basin economy, 75 Subadults (4-10 inches)
From page 396...
... project, 8, 25, 169 Trinity River Flow Evaluation Study, 306 Trinity River Hatchery, 14, 270 Trinity River Mainstream Fishery Restoration program, 175 Trinity River Restoration Project, 9 Trophic status of Upper Klamath Lake, 102-103 Trout, 184-186 Tui chub, 182 Tule Lake, 7, 133-134 Tule Lake National Wildlife Refuge, 55, 68-69 Tule Lake Sump, 69, 134 INDEX U United Nations Conference on Environment and Development, 314 Upper Klamath basin, 1, 10, 74-82 agriculture in, 67-70 aquatic environments in, s3-s6 basic information on the lakes of, 96 characteristics of farms and farm operators of, 80 export based employment in, 78 output, value added, and employment in, 77 structural change in economy of, 75 value ot agricultural production in, 81 Upper Klamath Lake, 97-129 adult endangered suckers in, 237-240 age distributions of suckers in, 205 ammonia, 116-117 April water level and larval abundance in, 225 bathymetric map of, 98 change in chlorophyll over growing season, 111 connections between human activity and high abundances of phytoplankton in, 124 description, 97-102 dissolved oxygen, 117-122 explanations of dominance by A phanizomenon flos-aquae, 108110 hypertrophicity of, 5 Lost River and shortnose suckers in, 3-7 nitrogen in, 108 nutrients and trophic status of, 102-103 overview of water quality in, 122-125 oxygenation as a management tool, 128-129 pH, 113-116 phosphorus in, 103-108 potential (?
From page 397...
... See U.S. Geological Survey Utah suckers, 246 397 V Value of agricultural production, 1998,81, 91 in lower Klamath basin, 91 in upper Klamath basin, 81 W Wanger, Oliver, 173 Water level in Upper Klamath Lake, 100101,224-227 fluctuations in, 101 and mean water levels proposed by US13R, 100 Water quality, 241-242 harming large fish, 5 Water routing diagram for the Klamath Project, 21 Water temperature and dissolved oxygen (DO)


This material may be derived from roughly machine-read images, and so is provided only to facilitate research.
More information on Chapter Skim is available.