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Pages 1-16

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From page 1...
... , the two listing agencies issued biological opinions that requirecT USER to take numerous actions, inclucTing maintenance of higher water levels in Upper I(lamath Lake ancT two reservoirs on the Lost River ancT higher flow of the I(lamath River below Iron Gate Dam. Release of the two biological opinions coinciclecT with a severe drought.
From page 2...
... In late 2001, the Department of the Interior ancT the Department of Commerce askecT the National Academies to form a committee (the Committee on EnciangerecT ancT Threatened Fishes in the Klamath River Basin)
From page 3...
... This is the committee's final report. In its interim report of February 2002, the committee founcI substantial scientific support for all recommendations macle by the two listing agencies for the benefit of the enciangerecI ancI threatened species, except for recommenciations requiring more stringent controls over water levels in Upper Klamath Lake ancI flows at Iron Gate Dam.
From page 4...
... FlThQ committed will also co' sided any other relevai t scientific information of which it is aware. The final report will thoroughly address the scientific aspects related to the cot tinued survival of coho salmoi and shoit' ose and Lost River suckers it the Klamath River Basin.
From page 5...
... Direct evidence of harm to large fish by poor water quality inclucles physical indications of stress anti mass mortality of large fish ("fish kills") at times of exceptionally poor water quality.
From page 6...
... Thus, despite theoretical speculations, there is no basis in evidence for optimism that manipulation of water levels has the potential to moderate mass mortality of suckers in Upper I(lamath Lake. Planning must anticipate that poor water quality will continue to affect the sucker populations of Upper I(lamath Lake.
From page 7...
... , all waters are strongly affected by the Klamath Project anti are unsuitable for suckers, although they still offer some opportunities for restoration, especially through increases in water clepth for Tule Lake Sumps anti Lower Klamath Lake. Reservoirs of the main stem Klamath have created new habitat capable of hoicling enciangerecI suckers, but recruitment of young fish has not been observed.
From page 8...
... Barriers to passage causecI by clams ancI diversion structures are important to coho salmon. The main-stem clams on the Klamath River block spawning movements, as clo Dwinnell Dam on the upper Shasta River ancI the Trinity River Diversion project on the Trinity River.
From page 9...
... Legal, Regulatory, ant! Administrative Context of Recovery Actions Adaptive management is accepted in principle by the listing agencies but has not been implementecI in the I(lamath basin for the benefit of the listecI species, except as part of the Trinity River Restoration Project.
From page 10...
... Furthermore, USFWS ancI NMFS appear to have overiookecI take (mortality ancI impairment) of the listecI species that is inciclental to agricultural practice, private water management, ancI other activities beyond the control of USBR, ancI thus have not taken full acivantage of their authorities uncler ESA Section 9.
From page 11...
... · NMFS anti USFWS shouicI inventory all governmental, tribal, anti private actions that are causing unauthorized take of enciangerecI suckers anti threatened coho salmon in the I(lamath basin anti seek either to authorize this take with appropriate mitigative measures or to eliminate it. · NMFS anti USFWS shouicI consult not only with USER, but also with other fecleral agencies (e.g., U.S.
From page 12...
... · Multifactorial studies uncler conditions as realistic as pract~can~e shouicI be macle of tolerance ancI stress for the listecI suckers relevant to poor water-quality conditions in Upper I(lamath Lake ancI elsewhere. · Factors affecting spawning success ancI larval survival in the Williamson River system shouicI be stucliecI more intensively in support of recovery efforts that are focused on improvements in physical habitat protection for spawners ancI larvae in rivers.
From page 13...
... · Removal of Chiloquin Dam to increase the extent of spawning habitat in the upper Sprague River ancI expand the duration over which larvae enter Upper I(lamath Lake. · Removal or facilitation of passage at all small blockages, clams, diversions, ancI tributaries where suckers are or could be present.
From page 14...
... · Success of specific livestock-management practices in improving channel conditions anti promoting clevelopment of riparian vegetation shouicI be evaluatecI systematically. · Relationships between flow ancI temperature at the junctions of tributaries with the main stem ancI the estuary shouicI be quantified; pos
From page 15...
... Based on general knowlecige of costs of research anti monitoring at other locations, an approximate figure for the recommendations on enciangerecI suckers over a 5yr period is $15-20 million, inclucling research, monitoring, anti remeclial actions of minor scope. ExcluclecI are administrative costs anti the costs of remeclial actions of major scope (e.g., removal of Chiloquin Dam)
From page 16...
... 1 6 FISHES IN THE KLAMATH RIVER BASIN costs are high relative to past expenditures on research anti remecliation in the basin, but the costs of further deterioration of sucker ancI coho populations, along with crisis management ancI disruptions of human activities, may be far more costly. A hopeful vision is that increased knowlecige, improved management, anti cohesive community action will promote recovery of the fishes.


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