Exploration of the Seas Voyage into the Unknown (2003) / Chapter Skim
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1. Introduction
1. Introduction
Pages 16-25
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From page 16... ...
Discoveries made in the past three decades offer exciting economic and scientific opportunities, and they speak to the need to continue expeditions in search of the unknown (Watkins, 20021. For example, in 1976 organisms, including crabs and clams, were discovered at the Galapagos Rift hydrothermal vent field by a geologist conducting the first photographic survey of the region (Lonsdale, 1977; Weiss et al., 1977; Spiess et al., 1980~.
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From page 17... ...
In June 2000, a panel of experts from the ocean science community was convened to fulfill a presidential request to provide recommendations for a national ocean exploration strategy (National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration, 20001. In October, the President's Panel on Ocean Exploration recommended that the United States add a national program of ocean exploration to its current marine research portfolio (National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration, 20001.
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From page 18... ...
This report constitutes the work of the NRC's Committee on Exploration of the Seas, and it contains recommendations for the implementation of an international ocean exploration program. International input was sought during a May 2002 workshop, which was hosted by the Intergovernmental Oceanographic Commission (IOC)
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From page 19... ...
The Meteor traversed the South Atlantic 13 times, collecting 67,400 soundings and detailed current, salinity, temperature, and oxygen measurements at 310 stations. The Meteor conducted plankton tows, collected a large number of bottom samples, and executed systematic atmospheric (using instrument balloons and kites)
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From page 20... ...
Nautical Archaeology Archaeologists uncover information on ancient civilizations, and marine archaeologists examine sunken communities or ships for tools, pottery, and cargo, for example, that can reveal details about a culture. Marine archaeology was slower to develop than the ocean sciences.
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From page 21... ...
The IDOE program, a good example of exploration, which was established as a result of the congressional Marine Sciences Act of 1966, reflected the view that exploration of the ocean required a sustained global effort with international participation. Justification for IDOE was based on the oceans as a source of food for an expanding world population; maritime threats to world order; waterfront deterioration in coastal cities; increased pollution in coastal areas; expanding requirements for seabed oil, gas, and minerals; and expanding ocean shipping.
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From page 22... ...
Although the working group did not try to promote specific science goals, it did encourage projects that fell into one of four categories: environmental quality, living resources, seabed assessment, or environmental forecasting (National Research Council, 1999)
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From page 23... ...
The research community proposed important follow-on programs, such as the Ridge Interdisciplinary Global Experiments, an initiative to study the m idocean ridges and hydrothermal vent ecosystems, and the Joi nt G lobal Ocean Flux Study, a geochemical follow-on to the Geochemical Ocean Sections. However, none of these programs embraced the interdisciplinary emphasis on exploration that had been envisaged for IDOE.
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From page 24... ...
. EXPECTATIONS FOR A GLOBAL OCEAN EXPLORATION PROGRAM Progress in oceanography over the next decade will occur both in the traditional marine science disciplines and, as this report will show, through ocean exploration at the fringes and intersections of those disciplines.
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From page 25... ...
ORGANIZATION OF THE REPORT This report is organized into eight chapters and a series of appendixes. Chapter 2 describes the benefits of initiating a global ocean exploration program, and Chapter 3 presents recommendations for broadly defined and specific goals of a new international ocean exploration program.
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