Proceedings of the International Conference on Scientific Information Two Volumes (1959) / Chapter Skim
Currently Skimming:
Subject-Word Letter Frequencies with Applications to Superimposed Coding
Subject-Word Letter Frequencies with Applications to Superimposed Coding
Pages 903-916
The Chapter Skim interface presents what we've algorithmically identified as the most significant single chunk of text within every page in the chapter.
Select key terms on the right to highlight them within pages of the chapter.
From page 903... ...
For a machine to process information, the information must be coded, usually into some variant of that most basic code of all, the binary. However, the most efficient code for pure selection appears to be a superimposed random code.
|
From page 904... ...
9°4 The Design of New Systems AREA S z-n Z1-F; q1~~1 s Zl-~ 91-~'1 _b `~`ZO-4O — SO-SO _ U —~ ~ Zl-5 °1-~1 _ ~ is.
|
From page 905... ...
Subject-word and proper-name lists were studied to find what letter frequencies occurred in the first five letter positions. Some work along these lines had been done, notably by Geisler for the ASM-SLA (6)
|
From page 906... ...
906 TABLE ~ Subject-word initial letterfrequenciesa Ret ~ 5 _& ~ ~ ~,C -i ~ ~ ` X S ,o _ ~ ~ ~ '= ~ ~ -^ .O bore ~ '%_ a .O .= qJ ~ . _~= ~ _ The Design of New Systems AREA S up ~ ~ us ~ ~ ~ 0 cat cow cow ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ oo cot ~ ~ ~ ~ O Cat ~ ~ ~ Hi ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ Cot Cot ~ ~ ~ Cot Cot ~ ~ ~ Cot ~ Cal oo ~ Cal ~ ~ ~ oo Go ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ Cal ~ ~ oo ~ ~ Cal ~ ~ Cal ~ ~ Up oo ~ o ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ o o ~ ~ c~ o ~ o ~ ~ ~ c~ o o o C~ ~ ~ ~ C~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ c~ 0 C~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ 0 0 c~ o ~ ~ oo ~ c~ ~ un ~ c~ ~ ~ ~ c~ c~ ~ ~ 'o oo ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ .
|
From page 907... ...
OHLMAN Letter Frequenciesfor Superimposed Coding TABLE 2 Proper-name initial letterfrequencies a S a .= ]
|
From page 908... ...
908 The Design of New Systems AREA 5 TABS 3 Subject-word letterfrequencies (332 worms x x car tic us ~ ~ up us In ~ ~ ~ ~—~ ~ ~ ~ ~ Cot oo us cat ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ cot cot ~ ~ cot cat ~ ~ ~ cot 0 ~ A
|
From page 909... ...
OHEMAN Letter Frequenciesfor Superimposed Coding TABLE 4 Proper name letterfrequencies (309 namesake s: .~ ~ a ~ cat x ~` t~ En ~ x Up ~ Lr)
|
From page 910... ...
910 TABLE S Amount of information fHJ in subject-word lettersa = ~1 0 0 sat O 0 0 x x O O . I: The Design of New Systems AREA S ~ ~ ~ In ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ 0 0 ~ ~ ~ on ~ An 0 0 0 0 To ~ ~ ~ ~ o ~ ~ ~ ~ Cat ~ oo ~ ~ ~ Cal Cal Cal o ~ ~ ~ ~ o o o o O~ Go ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ In ~ Cal ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ cat ~ To Cal ~ ~ ~ ~ Cal Cal ~ ~ Cal Cal Cal Cal Cal ~ Cal ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ o o o o o o o o ~ ~ .
|
From page 911... ...
OHLMAN Letter Frequenciesfor Superimposed Coding TABLE 6 Subject-word cumulative 7etterfrequencies (in rank orderly x a 3 ~ -5: .~ ~ ~ oo Go ~ t—~ cat In ~ ~ To ~ cut ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ cat ~ Go ~ 0 ~ .
|
From page 912... ...
Similar results can be shown for proper names. For the marginal-p''nched card application, first and third letter positions were selected for coding.
|
From page 913... ...
first and third positions were then assigned to the 38 available positions as equally as possible, but under the restriction that alphabetical order along the side of the card be preserved. The result is shown in Fig.
|
From page 914... ...
Also note that the word SARI is certainly uncommon English; this phenomenon may occur because the intersymbol connections are broken by taking single-letter frequencies. 3 Since the f~rst-letter positions showed quite wide deviations from the predicted frequencies, their analysis was never completed.
|
From page 915... ...
P LUHN, Superimposed Coding With the Aid of Randomizing Squares for Use in Mechanical Information Searching Systems, IBM Product Development Lab., Poughkeepsie, New York, 1956.
|
Key Terms
This material may be derived from roughly machine-read images, and so is provided only to facilitate research.
More
information on Chapter Skim is available.