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From page 391... ... Index A innovative admissions programs and, 259-260 Academic advising institutional partnerships and, 14, 15, inequities in, 243-244, 264 163, 170-171, 173-174 and recruitment of URM students, 161 for low-income and Medicaid Academic performance populations, 30, 32, 233, 305 discrimination and, 66, 164 for minority patients, 26, 28, 29-31, 49, educational inequities and, 7, 67-68, 233, 234-235, 305 160, 242, 246 Accreditation. See also individual financial aid and, 93, 295 accrediting bodies group differences on standardized tests, and admissions policies and practices, 7, 66-70 75-76, 129-130, 133-134, 204, 248, institutional climate and, 68-70, 147, 326-328, 333, 338-339 161, 170 community benefit standard and, 17, predictive power of, 381 197, 198, 199, 200, 208, 209 socioeconomic factors and, 66, 67-68 composition of standard-setting bodies, stereotype threat and, 68-70 12, 135, 140, 141, 321, 322-323 support services and programming and, cooperation of other organizations in, 14, 156, 164-165, 170, 174 141, 330, 332, 339-340 Access to care coordination responsibilities, 127, 128 coalition building for, 209-210 core competencies, 127, 129, 328-329, communication problems, 26 332, 335-336, 337 community benefit standard and, 179- cultural competencies, 11-12, 134, 140 180, 184-185, 187, 188-189 141, 166, 206-207, 329-337, 375-376 diversity of health professionals and, 5, defined, 11, 317-318, 321 26, 29-31, 234, 260, 305, 380 dentistry, 131-133, 140, 252, 333, 335, financial assistance for education, 113, 338 286, 297, 305, 307 and faculty recruitment and retention, 334, 339 391 Read the entire page →
From page 392... ... , 75, 134-135, race-conscious, 27, 70, 88, 327-328 329 race-neutral, 7, 27, 71-75, 81, 239-242, Admissions committees 256-257, 258-259, 260, 326-327 AAMC Expanded Minority Admissions recommendations, 8-9, 19, 85, 255-264, Exercise, 79-80, 261 328 composition of, 8-9, 77-78, 82, 248- and recruitment and retention strategies, 249, 255, 261 83, 249, 250-251, 253, 254-256, demographic characteristics, 77-78, 85 260, 261-262 Read the entire page →
From page 393... ... See Native Americans academic performance issues, 66, 67, American Medical Association, 274, 321 68-70 American Medical College Application access to care, 26 Service, 267-268 Armed Forces personnel, 290-291 American Psychological Association, 275 clinician preferences, 31, 325 Commission on Ethnic Minority cross-racial interactions, 351-352 Recruitment, Retention, and Training debt impacts, 102, 103-104 in Psychology, 250 educational inequities, 7, 67-68, 242 Committee on Accreditation, 135-138, faculty, 41-42, 46, 48, 50, 158 139-140, 333-334 financial aid awards to, 93-94, 105-106 cross-cultural principles and guidelines, financial status of families, 89-90, 91 167-169 in graduate school, 48-49 fellowships, 111 Office of Ethnic Minority Affairs, 250 Read the entire page →
From page 394... ... , 3 n.1, 7, 27-28, 38, 78-79, Center for California Health Workforce 236, 238, 243, 244, 245, 261, 273 Studies, 283 n.1, 275, 304, 309, 321, 323, 324, Center for Medicare and Medicaid Services, 327, 330-331, 336, 368, 369 114, 291, 298, 302, 305, 307-308, Association of Canadian Medical Colleges, 311 321, 324 Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Association of Hispanic-Serving Health 305 Professions Schools, 282 Centers of Excellence (COP) program, 108Association of Specialized and Professional 109, 110, 276-277, 284, 300 Accreditors, 130, 320 Centers of Research Excellence in Science Atkinson, Richard C., 233, 256 and Technology, 282-283, 293 Atlanta University Center, 163 Children's Hospitals Graduate Medical Education Program, 278-279, 286 287 B Civil Rights Act of 1964, 327 Civil Rights movement, 243 Bakke, Allan, 239 Clark-Atlanta University, 163 Beason, Charlotte, 131 Clinical research Binet, Alfred, 56 benefits of diversity, 237 Bob Jones University, 181, 197 minority enrollment in, 35-36 Brigham, Carl, 57 Clinical Training grants, 280-281 Bush, George H.W., 182 Read the entire page →
From page 395... ... , 127, 128, 129, 130, 320 192 Council on Graduate Medical Education historical and legal background, 15-16, (COGME) , 115, 288, 302, 303-304, 178-186, 199 311 Legal/Historical perspective, 191 Cultural audit, 153, 154 manual for planning and implementing Cultural Competence Initiative, 282 programs, 190 Curriculum Market-Failures perspective, 191 core competencies, 127, 129, 328-329, organizational practices, 193-194 332, 335-336, 337 payments in lieu of taxes, 184 cross-cultural, 34-35, 165-169, 174 private sector initiatives, 189-192 cultural competencies, 11-12, 134, 140 public policy options, 197-199 141, 166, 206-207, 329-337, 375 Public Trust Model, 190-191 376 recommendations, 2-3, 17-18, 20, 200 CVS, 120 reporting requirement approach, 16, 186-189 state initiatives, 16, 186-189 D strengths, 193 Delivery of health care, attitudes of Utah County v. Read the entire page →
From page 396... ... See also inequities and, 7, 160, 161, 233, Institutional climate for diversity; 242, 243, 283 Underrepresented minorities standards related to, 11-12, 128-138, and access to care for minority patients, 236, 332-336 5, 26, 29-31, 234, 260, 305, 380 strategies for increasing, 23-26 accreditation and, 11-12, 17, 127, 132- structural, 13, 144-145, 172 133, 138-141, 197, 198, 199, 200, transforming effect of initiatives, 363 336-339 366 admissions policies and, 27, 70, 71-75, Diversity in the Health Professions Priority 239-242, 326-328 Area Grants, 113-114 advising inequities and, 243-244, 264 Dole, Robert, 207 behavioral climate and, 13, 146, 172, Donnelly, Brian, 181-182 349, 351-352 Drew, Charles R., 37 benefits of, 23-24 n.1, 29-37, 51, 144, Duke, Elizabeth M., 282 147-152, 275, 345-346 Read the entire page →
From page 397... ... See nursing school, 40-41, 99-101 also specific sources psychology, 48-49, 98-99 and academic performance, 93, 295 and quality of care, 307 and access to care, 113, 286, 297, 305, strategies to encourage, 206-208 307 undergraduate, 24 accreditation and, 319, 340 Education Policy Center, 283 average awards, 96 Educational Excellence for Hispanic budget deficit and, 304 Americans, 282 clearinghouse on program options, 309, Equal Employment Opportunity 311 Commission, 338 College Board recommendations, 95-96 Exceptional Financial Need program, 304 community benefit standard and, 198-199 Extramural Associates Research coordination and collaboration needs, Development Award, 288 11, 301-302, 303, 307, 309, 310, 311 Extramural Loan Repayment for Individuals data collection and analysis, 305-306, from Disadvantaged Backgrounds 309, 311 Conducting Clinical Research, 278- debt loads of students and new 279, 288 practitioners, 93, 303-304 defined, 89 demographic changes and, 306-307 F for dental school, 11, 115, 119-120, 121, 252-253, 297-298 Faculty. See also Pedagogy academic rank of, 50 discretionary funds, 107-111, 118, 122, on admissions committees, 77-78, 82 273, 275-293, 300 and enrollment and retention of URMs, cultural competence of, 330, 332, 334, 336 50, 94, 95-96, 115-117, 118, 282, dentistry, 46-48 284 evaluation of programs, 11, 115-117, financial assistance for, 105, 106, 276 277, 284, 286, 287 119, 283, 284-285, 299-300, 301, geographic variation in diversity, 41 304-306, 307-308, 309, 311 Read the entire page →
From page 398... ... See also individual threats to, 4, 118, 299-304 occupations tobacco settlements used for, 298-299 barriers to inclusion of URMs in, 28, tuition waivers, 106 203-204 for undergraduate URM students, 106-114 focus of this study, 28 unmet needs, 9, 89, 92-93, 102, 204 participation trends of URMs, 1-2, 23 unpredictability of funding, 118, 300 24, 38-49, 238, 274-275 work study, 106 shortages in, 38-39, 234-235 Fisk University, 163 Health Professions Education Foundation, Flexner Report of 1910, 237, 321, 367, 368 112, 113 Flexner, Abraham, 321, 367 Health Professions Education Fund, 113 Read the entire page →
From page 399... ... . See also Colleges and educational inequities, 7, 67-68, 242 universities; Education of URM as faculty, 44, 46, 48, 50, 158 health professionals; Institutional financial aid awards to, 93-94, 105-106 climate for diversity; Medical school; financial status of families, 89-90, 91 specific institutions in graduate school, 48-49 community benefit standard applied to, in health professions workforce, 23-24, 194-198 30, 38, 42-43, 45-46, 48, 49, 162, and enrollment and retention of URMs, 253, 274-275 50, 94, 95-96, 115-117, 118, 282, pedagogy, 158 284 satisfaction with care, 32 historically black schools, 163, 282, school enrollment and graduation 291, 292-293, 301, 349 trends, 40, 45, 47, 51, 72-75, 83, leadership needs, 144, 152, 153, 156- 170, 171, 238 157, 256-257, 328, 350 standardized test performance, 63, 64, mission and mission statement, 8, 14, 65-66 76-77, 81, 82, 85, 159, 173, 174, U.S. Read the entire page →
From page 400... ... 400 INDEX data and research needs, 18, 205-206 long-term perspective, 144 defined, 25 mediation mechanisms, 15, 165, 175 education of stakeholders, 18, 206-208 in medical education, 366-382 leadership needs, 256-257 mission statement and, 14, 159, 173, rationale for examining, 23-24, 26-27 174, 346 recommendations, 18, 20, 210, 256-257 monitoring and evaluation of state referenda, 4, 24 intervention strategies, 13-14, 144, supportive mechanisms, 205-210 152, 153, 167, 171, 175, 370-371 Institutional climate for diversity organizational impediments, 364-366 and academic performance, 68-70, 147, orientation for students, 14, 164, 174 161, 170 pedagogy and, 143, 145, 155, 158, 164, accreditation and, 330-331, 370 171, 352, 359-361, 367-368, 371 admissions policies and, 83, 145, 146, 376 160-161, 169-171, 173-174, 249, peer group influences, 351, 352, 355, 251, 256-257, 326, 345, 348 360, 363 affiliations with community health care psychological, 13, 145, 146, 172, 348, facilities, 14, 15, 163, 170-171, 173- 349, 350-351 174, 175 recommendations, 2, 15, 19, 174-175 attitudes and, 145, 146, 148, 157, 350, resource allocation and, 144, 152 354, 373 segregation and, 13, 145, 146, 151-152, behavioral, 13, 146, 172, 349, 351-352 155, 156, 172, 237-242, 348-349, campus-related initiatives, 13, 145, 148, 351 171-172 sensitivity training of staff, 14-15, 156 and clinical practice, 381-382 student development, 155-156, 377-379 compositional diversity and, 143, 146- student recruitment, 14, 83, 143, 145, 147, 148, 348-349, 350, 353-354, 160-161, 162-163, 169-171, 173 363, 379-380, 381-382 174, 249, 262 cross-cultural curriculum, 34-35, 165- student retention, 14-15, 161-165, 169 169, 174 171, 173-174 cross-racial interactions, 13, 351-352, 353 support services and programming, 14, cultural audit of, 153, 154 156, 164-165, 170, 174 curricular and cocurricular activities, 34- Institutional culture, 146, 347-348 35, 155-156, 165-169, 174 Institutional isomorphism, 365 defining, 13, 144-147, 171, 347-354 International medical graduates, 302 and democracy outcomes, 147, 148, 172 Intervention strategies. See also Affirmative in dentistry, 169-171 action; Institutional and policy-level design principles for improving, 13-14, strategies 152-156, 172-173 academic advising, 243-244, 264 external influences, 145-146, 348 in admissions policies and practices, 2, faculty recruitment, hiring, and retention 75-83, 254-264 strategies and, 14, 15, 143, 145, 157- community-based learning experiences, 160, 161, 171, 173, 174, 361-362 119-120 financial aid policies and, 102, 146, 161, data collection and analysis, 305-306 164, 171, 348 early matriculation programs, 262-263 holistic approach to change, 13-14, 144, financial aid, 11, 95, 119-123, 294-299, 152, 172-173, 346-347 308-310, 311 leadership and, 144, 152, 153, 156-157, institutional climate improvements, 13 204, 350 14, 144, 152-171, 175, 370-371 and learning outcomes, 6, 34-35, 147- monitoring and evaluation of, 13-14, 152, 158, 172, 262-263, 354-363, 144, 152, 153, 167, 171, 175, 370 368-369, 370-371, 374-375, 378-379 371 Read the entire page →
From page 401... ... Drew complex social structures and, 358 Medical Center, 326 contextual issues in environments for, Maryland, 183 357-359 Massachusetts, 183-184, 187, 209, 302 development concepts, 354-357 Mathematica Policy Research, Inc., 286 diversity in training and outcomes in, 6, McMaster University, 368 29, 34-35 Medicaid Graduate Medical Education, faculty diversity and, 155, 351, 361-362 122, 273, 282-283, 294, 295, 296 formats for, 158, 372-373, 378-379 299, 303 experiential/field studies techniques, 158 Medical College Admissions Test (MCAT) , external assessments of, 370-371 57, 60-61, 63, 65-66, 79, 236, 245 institutional climate for diversity and, 6, 246, 257-258 34-35, 147-152, 158, 172, 262-263, Medical College of Georgia, 297 354-363, 368-369, 370-371, 374- Medical school 375, 378-379 accreditation standards, 133-135, 370 Kegan's orders of consciousness, 356- admissions committee appointment and 357, 377-378, 381 training, 249-250 negative reinforcements to, 374-375, admissions policies and process, 70-71, 381 244-249 in nontraditional settings, 366-367 assessments of learning, 370-371 pedagogy and, 158, 350, 352, 359-361, attitudes, 148, 373 367-368, 378-379 choosing students, 245-248 clinical training, 381-382 Read the entire page →
From page 402... ... 402 INDEX composition of student body, 379-381 Mentored Minority Research Enhancement costs of, 88, 96-98, 303-304 Coordinating Center, 280-281, 292, cross-cultural training and cultural 301 competencies, 34, 286 Mentored Minority Supplemental Award, current status of, 375-376 280-281, 292, 301 curriculum, 236, 374-375, 376 Mexican Americans, 31, 45, 238, 242, 339, enrollment and graduation trends, 43- 351-352 45, 161 Michigan, 185, 297 faculty, 42-44 Minnesota, 297, 298-299 financial assistance, 96, 98, 295 Minorities. See also Underrepresented goals and objectives, 369 minorities grades and MCAT scores and, 70, 245- access to care, 26, 28, 29-31, 49, 233, 246 234-235, 305 hidden/unintended curriculum, 374-375, adherence to treatment plans, 33 376, 381 in clinical trials, 35-36 institutional climate for diversity, 366- defined, 23 382 demographic changes, 1, 23, 73, 235, knowledge and skills, 371-372 305, 306-307 learning formats, 372-373 educational inequities, 7, 67-68, 160, mission and mission statement, 235-237, 242, 246 245, 330 focus of this study, 27-28 negative reinforcements to learning, 374- health status and disparities, 30, 35-36, 375, 381 49, 234, 237, 307 "othering" perspective of students, 376 preferences and satisfaction with care, participation trends of minorities, 24, 31-32, 33 42-45 quality of care, 32-33, 307 pedagogy, 367-368, 371-376 representation in health professions, 23 preparatory programs, 27, 263 24 preparing clinicians, scientists, and utilization of health services, 30, 33 leaders, 235-237 Minority Access to Research Careers, 278 problem-based learning, 368-369 279, 287 public health mission, 235 Minority Biomedical Research Support, public support and investment in, 235 278-279, 287 recruitment efforts, 83, 249, 307 Minority Faculty Fellowship Program, 108 structure of education in, 367-369 109, 110 student development, 377-379 Minority Fellowship Program, 108-109, Medical School Objectives Projects I-IV, 111 236, 369 Minority Health Knowledge Management Medicare Graduate Medical Education Initiative, 282 program, 114-115, 118, 198-199, Minority Management Development 282-283, 293-294, 298, 301, 302- Program, 282 303, 307, 308-309, 311 Minority Medical Education Program, 27, Medicare/Medicaid Act of 1965, 180 242 MedPAC, 308-309, 311 Minority Participation in Medical Meharry Medical College, 43, 238 Education Grant Program, 11, 120Mellon Foundation Fellowships, 158 121 Mental health Minority Training Programs Tracking and diversity, 37 System, 282 services, 26, 30, 31 Mississippi, 240, 241, 327 Mentored Minority Career Enhancement Montana, 296 Award, 280-281, 292, 301 Morehouse College, 43, 163 Read the entire page →
From page 403... ... , trends, 40, 45, 47, 51, 83, 238 108-109, 110, 118, 278-279, 285- New Hampshire, 184, 185, 187-188 286, 304 New Mexico minority population, 23 National Institute of Drug Abuse, 111 New York state, 235 National Institute of General Medical community service plans for nonprofit Sciences, 287 hospitals, 16, 182, 183 National Institute on Aging, 111 financial aid program, 11-12, 120-121, National Institutes of Health 297, 299, 302, 303 discretionary funding for students, 199, Physician Diversity Project, 209 278-279, 287-289, 301 New York University, 189, 253 evaluation of URM workforce Nickens, Herbert, 325 initiatives, 305 Nonprofit hospitals and health care grant programs for minority researchers, organizations 36, 111 areas for improvement, 194 leadership diversity, 36-37 charitable obligations of, 181-182 Office of Behavioral and Social Science community benefit standard applied to, Research, 289 186-189, 195-196 National Institutes of Mental Health, 108- evaluation of charitable behavior of, 192 109, 111 organizational practices, 193-194 National League for Nursing, 99, 100 recognition and support of, 189-190 Accrediting Commission, 128-130, 334 roles and obligations of, 191-192 National Library of Medicine, 288-289 strengths of, 193 National Medical Fellowships, Inc., 10, 111-112, 304 Read the entire page →
From page 404... ... 404 INDEX tax-exempt status, 15-16, 178-185, 190- Giroux's antiracist approach, 378-379 191, 195-196 and institutional climate for diversity, workforce diversity, 195-196 143, 145, 155, 158, 164, 171, 352, Nurses and nursing 359-361, 367-368, 371-376 accreditation standards, 128-131, 334- knowledge/skills method, 372 336 and learning outcomes, 158, 350, 352, admissions process, 56, 253-255 359-361, 367-368, 378-379 baccalaureate, 56 peer teaching, 360, 363, 379 costs of education, 99-101 student-centered, 350, 352, 359, 361 faculty, 41-42 362, 379 financial assistance, 101, 119, 255, 276- traditional, in medical schools, 367-368 277, 296, 298 Peer groups, influence on institutional participation trends of minorities, 24, climate, 351, 352, 355, 360, 363 26, 38-42, 253, 274-275 Pell grants, 95-96, 102 recruitment of URMs, 160, 162, 163 Pennsylvania, 183, 184, 188 school enrollment and graduation Perry, William, 355 trends, 40-42, 254 Pew Charitable Trusts, 129, 309 shortages, 38-39, 119, 160, 163, 253, Pew Health Commission Competencies, 298 334-335 variability of programs, 254 Pharmacy and pharmacists, 120 workforce, 38-39, 253, 335 Physician Diversity Project, 209 Nursing Education Loan Repayment Physician Payment Review Commission, Program, 276-277, 285 308-309 Nursing Workforce Diversity Program, 108- Physicians, URM. See also Medical school 109, 110, 276-277, 285 access issues, 5, 29, 30, 189, 248-249 career choices and satisfaction, 103-104 debt loads, 102-103, 303-304 O essential characteristics, 7, 236, 247 expectations of, 235-236 O'Connor, Sandra Day, 240-241, 345 participatory decision-making style, 32, Office of Management and Budget, 38 33 Oklahoma, 296 patient characteristics, 5, 235, 248-249 Oregon, 31 patient preferences and satisfaction with, Orthodontic Education Company, 11, 119- 5, 31-32, 325 120 quality of care, 33 recruitment of, 308 P resident salaries, 104 VA, 291 Pedagogy workforce, 42-43, 238, 274, 291 accreditation standards and, 368 Pipeline enhancement programs, 25, 27, active teaching methods, 158, 352, 357- 110, 118, 119, 161, 250, 252, 263, 358, 360, 361 299 collaborative and cooperative Ponce School of Medicine, 43 environments, 155, 158, 359-360 Powell, Lewis Franklin, Jr., 239 communication skills approach, 371- Primary Care Medicine and Dentistry Grant 372, 378 Program, 286 and compositional diversity, 145, 158, Princeton University, 239, 328 171, 379-380 Project 3000 by 2000 Health Professions cultural competency approach, 371, Partnership Initiative, 238-239, 304 378-379 Prospective Payment Assessment Commission, 308-309 Read the entire page →
From page 405... ... INDEX 405 Psychology/psychologists Recommendations access issues, 5, 29-30 accreditation, 12-13, 19, 139, 140-141, accreditation standards, 135-138, 333- 324, 330, 331-332, 336-339 334, 335 admissions committees, 8-9, 261 admissions process, 61, 249-251 admissions policies, 8-9, 19, 85, 255 costs of education, 98-99, 100 264, 328 cross-cultural training, 167-169 coalition building, 18, 20, 209 earnings, 98 community benefit standard, 2-3, 17-18, faculty, 48, 50, 157, 249, 250 20, 200 financial assistance, 298 data collection and research, 18, 20, 206 institutional climate, 157 education of stakeholders, 18, 20, 208 participation trends of minorities, 24, financing options, 11, 12, 19, 117, 118, 48-49, 275 121-122, 262-263 patient characteristics, 5 institutional and policy-level strategies, recruitment programs, 163, 250 18, 20, 210, 256-257 school enrollment and graduation institutional climate for diversity, 2, 15, trends, 48-49, 51, 249-250 19, 174-175 standardized tests, 61, 64 Recruitment and retention of URMs workforce, 48 academic advising and, 161 Public Health Institute, 190 accreditation policies and, 12, 132-133, Public Health Service Act 137-138, 140, 141, 328, 338, 339 evaluation set-aside, 305 admissions policies, 83, 249, 250-251, Titles VII and VIII, 9, 11, 107-110, 115, 253, 254-256, 260, 261-262 118, 275, 300, 335 educational inequities and, 160, 161 Public�private partnerships, 11, 119-123, faculty, 157-160, 161, 171, 173, 284, 205, 308-310, 311 286, 308, 330, 332, 334, 336, 339 Puerto Ricans, mainland, 45, 159, 238, 339 financial incentives, 9, 171, 173-174, Puerto Rico, medical school faculty, 43 298, 307, 308, 311 institutional climate for diversity and, 14-15, 83, 143, 145, 160-165, 169 Q 171, 173-174, 249, 262 institutional partnerships, 14, 15, 163, Quality of care 170-171, 173-174 diversity and, 5, 23-24 n.1, 29, 31-33, in nursing, 162 37, 325 orientation, 14, 164, 174 nursing shortages and, 38-39 recommendations, 14-15, 174-175 patient satisfaction with racially students, 14-15, 83, 143, 145, 160-165, concordant clinicians, 5, 31-32 169-171, 173-174, 249, 262 support services and programming, 14, 156, 164-165, 170, 174 R Regional Centers for Health Workforce Racial and ethnic groups. See also Studies, 294 Minorities; Underrepresented Registered Nurse Education Loan minorities; specific groups Repayment Program, 113 educational inequities, 7, 67, 160, 161, Registered Nurse Education Scholarship 233, 242, 283 Program, 113 OMB categories, 38 Research. Read the entire page →
From page 406... ... Wagner Graduate School of Stafford Loans, 102, 104 Public Services, 189 Standardized tests. See also specific tests Robert Wood Johnson Foundation, 11, 27, and accreditation, 258 242, 252-253, 309, 324 admissions policies and practices, 6-7, 8, Rogers, Paul, 207 55, 56-75, 79, 81-82, 83, 84, 236, Rosenoff, Emily, 283 244, 245-246, 257-258, 259 Roybal, Edward, 181-182 appropriate use of, 7, 58, 61-62 attributes measured by, 59 background, 56-58 S benefits, 58 consequences of reliance on, 70-75 Scholarship of Excellence program, 120 "cut-off" range, 62, 259 Scholarships for Disadvantaged Students, elimination of, 258 108-109, 276-277, 284 experiences in higher education Scholarships for Health Professions institutions and HPEIs and, 68-70 Students, 111 and grade point average, 60, 63 Scholastic Aptitude Test (SAT) Read the entire page →
From page 407... ... financial aid, 2, 11-12, 92, 118, 120- access to care, 28, 49 on accrediting bodies, 12, 135, 140, 122, 274, 282-283, 303, 309 Steele, Claude, 68-69 141, 321, 322-323 Stereotype threat, 68-70 on admissions committees, 77-78 advising inequities, 243-244, 264 Sternberg, Robert, 62 Stevens, David, 134 barriers to inclusion in health Strategies for Improving the Diversity of the professions, 28, 243-244 college enrollment and graduation Health Professions, 283 Student Assistance Programs, 110 trends, 24, 40-41, 43-45, 46, 47, 48 Substance Abuse and Mental Health 49, 50, 94, 95-96, 115-117, 118, 235, 240, 241, 282, 284 Services Administration, 108-109, 111, 305 costs of education, 9, 102-104, 118, "Successful intelligence" theory, 62 122, 161, 283, 303-304 defined, 3 n.1, 6, 24 n.2, 27-28, 38, Sullivan Commission on Diversity in the Healthcare Workforce, 207 242-243, 252, 273 n.1 Sullivan, Louis, 207 eligibility for enrichment programs, 161, 242 Support of Continuous Research Excellence (SCORE) , 287 financial assistance for college, 106-114 financial status of families, 9, 67-68, 89 90, 91, 92 T participation trends in health professions, 1-2, 37-49, 238 Tax Reform Act of 1986, 181 primary and secondary education, 3-4, Tennessee, 163, 238, 296, 297, 298 24, 27, 84 Texas recruitment and retention, 250-251, 255, college admissions policies, 71, 72-73, 298 80, 240, 241, 258, 327 stereotype threat, 68-70, 82, 243, 246, community benefit standard applied to 248 nonprofit health care organizations, "tracking," 67, 117 183, 186, 188 Uniformed Services Health Professions diversity of health professionals, 30, 235 Revitalization Act of 1972, 289 financial aid programs, 294, 295, 296 Uniformed Services University of the Health Health Professions Resource Center, 258 Sciences, 289 Texas A&M University, 72-73, 76-77, 80, Universidad Central del Caribe School of 81-82 Medicine, 43 Partnerships for Primary Care, 258 University of California Thorndike, E.L., 56 admissions policies, 71, 73-75, 84, 233, Tienda, Marta, 72-73 238, 239-240, 256-257 Tobacco settlements, 298-299 at Berkeley, 74 Tokenism, 350, 359 at Davis, 238, 239, 283 Read the entire page →
From page 408... ... Department of Education, accreditation college admissions policies, 241, 327 role, 2, 11, 12-13, 127-128, 129, financial aid programs, 294, 296 130, 131, 133, 138-141, 319-320, Initiative 200, 4, 24, 240 322, 344 Washington State University, 162 U.S. Department of Health and Human West Virginia, 183, 294, 296 Services White House Hispanic Agenda for Action definition of underrepresented minority, Initiative, 282 242-243, 273 n.1 Williams, Daniel Hale, 37 discretionary funds for financial aid, Wisconsin, 294, 296 274, 255, 275-289, 299-300 W.K. Read the entire page →
From page 409... ... INDEX 409 Y Yale University, PACE Center, 62 Z Zlotlow, Susan, 135, 137 Read the entire page →

From page 391...

... Index A innovative admissions programs and, 259-260 Academic advising institutional partnerships and, 14, 15, inequities in, 243-244, 264 163, 170-171, 173-174 and recruitment of URM students, 161 for low-income and Medicaid Academic performance populations, 30, 32, 233, 305 discrimination and, 66, 164 for minority patients, 26, 28, 29-31, 49, educational inequities and, 7, 67-68, 233, 234-235, 305 160, 242, 246 Accreditation. See also individual financial aid and, 93, 295 accrediting bodies group differences on standardized tests, and admissions policies and practices, 7, 66-70 75-76, 129-130, 133-134, 204, 248, institutional climate and, 68-70, 147, 326-328, 333, 338-339 161, 170 community benefit standard and, 17, predictive power of, 381 197, 198, 199, 200, 208, 209 socioeconomic factors and, 66, 67-68 composition of standard-setting bodies, stereotype threat and, 68-70 12, 135, 140, 141, 321, 322-323 support services and programming and, cooperation of other organizations in, 14, 156, 164-165, 170, 174 141, 330, 332, 339-340 Access to care coordination responsibilities, 127, 128 coalition building for, 209-210 core competencies, 127, 129, 328-329, communication problems, 26 332, 335-336, 337 community benefit standard and, 179- cultural competencies, 11-12, 134, 140 180, 184-185, 187, 188-189 141, 166, 206-207, 329-337, 375-376 diversity of health professionals and, 5, defined, 11, 317-318, 321 26, 29-31, 234, 260, 305, 380 dentistry, 131-133, 140, 252, 333, 335, financial assistance for education, 113, 338 286, 297, 305, 307 and faculty recruitment and retention, 334, 339 391

Index Pages 391-409

Index
Pages 391-409