2003 Assessment of the Office of Naval Research's Marine Corps Science and Technology Program (2004) / Chapter Skim
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4 Basic Research
4 Basic Research
Pages 83-102
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From page 83... ...
The Marine Corps Basic Research Focus Program, referred to throughout this report as the Basic Research portion of the Marine Corps Science and Technology (MCS&T) program, seemed to the committee to be a useful program of research with much interesting science that was presented with enthusiasm.
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From page 84... ...
These areas are reviewed here in the order they were presented to the committee: Communications. · Lightweight power sources · Information efficiency, · Sensing, Human sensory enhancement, Land mine detection, Laser eye protection, and Energetic materials.
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From page 85... ...
Sensors that work in an urban environment Mine detection: fundamental physical mechanisms and phenomenology in surf and on land Unmanned surveillance/reconnaissance vehicles Non-communications use of ultrawideband radar Materials and structures Sensing materials Corrosion prevention Non-lethal weapons Psychological profiling to identify potential terrorists Human sensory enhancement Shallow-water oceanography: bottom structure in the surf zone, bottom interactions, and surf and current characteristics Effects on warfare of hostile or unusual climates (weather) Enhanced lethality Aim-point accuracy After a brief discussion of each project, the committee's findings and recommendations are presented below.
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From page 86... ...
Low-Power CMOS Implementation of Ultrawideband Impulse Radios For UWB radios to have any future value to the Marine Corps, they will have to be small in size and consume little power. This project aims to develop a basic UWB radio system contained in its entirety on a single chip using complementary metal oxide semiconductor (CMOS)
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From page 87... ...
Code 353 should continue the energy-efficient wireless networking project as planned and carefully monitor related industry and other Service programs in this area. Game Theoretic Analysis of Radio Resource Management for Ad Hoc Networks Wireless ad hoc networks have been the subject of intense study over the last decade, with a variety of approaches taken to determine their efficacy and robustness.
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From page 88... ...
Lightweight Power Sources Today's individual marine is increasingly dependent on electronic devices, which demand an increasing supply of portable electric energy. This effort addresses fundamental issues in several of the most promising technology options rechargeable batteries, fuel cells, and biomechanical energy and investigates the modeling of power systems of all kinds.
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From page 89... ...
Code 353 should continue to participate in DARPA program reviews and, together with the Army, should look into transitioning the DARPA JP-8 prototype fuel cell to an FNC program. Polymer-Moderated Aluminum Anode In comparisons of the energy densities of batteries, aluminum/air cells stand out as having an extremely high theoretical energy density yet only modest actual performance.
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From page 90... ...
The approach to optimizing advanced power sources and to understanding the performance of the systems using those sources is the creation of comprehensive and versatile simulation models that can be used to study the total system performance as used in a mission source. In addition, the project has looked at meeting the power needs of the dismounted marine by providing portable battery charging sites and hybrid power sources comprising two or more energy storage or production elements and associated power electronics that control the power demanded from the various energy resources and its distribution to the various loads.
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From page 91... ...
Code 353 should undertake a careful analysis of the biomechanical energy conversion project and the work on harvesting electrical energy to avoid duplication of efforts in the analysis of human kinematics. Electrical Energy Harvesting The electrical energy harvesting project attempts to steer and exploit developments in polymeric materials for potential use as electromechanical actuators or (in reverse)
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From page 92... ...
Code 353 should undertake a careful analysis of the electrical energy harvesting project and the biomechanical energy conversion project to avoid unnecessary duplication of efforts in the analysis of human kinematics. Information Efficiency As the Marine Corps develops the highly mobile and agile force envisioned for EMW, the need to acquire and disseminate large amounts of digital data could overwhelm the warfighter.
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From page 93... ...
Compression of Digital Elevation Maps Using Nonlinear Wavelets The work on compression of digital elevation maps using nonlinear waveless focuses on developing efficient and flexible compression algorithms for digital terrain elevation data based on nonlinear wavelet algorithms. This project aims to develop algorithms for image compression that allows an end user to query the image at a resolution less than that of the original image.
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From page 94... ...
Because the region-based image compression project is at an early state of development, Code 353 should use the results of the two preceding projects to assist in its development. Semantic Source Coding Mobile sensor networks, an important element of future battle space awareness systems, can be large consumers of both energy and bandwidth.
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From page 95... ...
Code 353 should continue the surface enhanced Raman spectroscopy or chemical marker detection project through completion, as planned.
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From page 96... ...
Code 353 should clarify the design goals of the human perception of natural scenes project in regard to its support of the warfighter. Transition Speech Waveform Features to Enhance Speech Recognition in Noisy Environments The work on transition speech waveform features to enhance speech recognition in noisy environments aims to enhance the efficiency of RF voice communications in a noisy background by isolating
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From page 97... ...
Land Mine Detection Research on land mine detection explores diverse methods of detecting and, possibly, categorizing land mines. Reliable and (especially)
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From page 98... ...
This very serious problem needs good ideas more than it needs money. The five seismic and acoustic mine detection projects listed below include an innovative combination of two technologies for mechanical excitation of buried mine vibration seismic and acousticwith RF detection of the effects at the ground surface of the mine's vibration.
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From page 99... ...
mine detection to include the craft lancling zone, the surf zone, and very shallow water environments. Seismic Detection of Buried Land Mines This project is a new start to investigate the interaction between the soil and mine seismic energy situations where the acoustic wave is tuned to generate a resonant vibration mocle within the buried mine.
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From page 100... ...
For this reason a small project has been started to develop eye protection systems that would defeat weapons meant to blind. Like mine detection, laser eye protection has been studied for decades, is technically extremely challenging, and is in need of good ideas more than it needs money.
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From page 101... ...
Energetic Materials Two projects involving energetic materials were active in FY03. Existing concerns about lethalityto-weight ratio and safety, both of which call for energetic materials with higher energy density and reduced sensitivity, are magnified by the demands of sea basing and expeditionary warfare.
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From page 102... ...
Code 353 should ensure that energetic materials research remains part of its Basic Research effort.
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