Monitoring International Labor Standards International Perspectives: Summary of Regional Forums (2004) / Chapter Skim
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5. Employers
5. Employers
Pages 55-66
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From page 55... ...
takes into account the vast ~lifferences between countries in their socioeconomic, demographic, and political systems: Unlike developed nations, where technological advancement is an advantage over labor, which is limited or unavailable and costly as well, one of the biggest strengths of developing countries is the abundant availability of cheap labor. However, there are some issues such as surplus, unskilled, and lowproductive labor; unbridled employment guarantees; minimum wages not linked to productivity; the onus of providing health, welfare, and social security; too much freedom of association and collective bargaining, which have come to stay like the legendary holy cow in Hindu society.
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From page 56... ...
While organized industry in India "by and large complies with the core and substantive labor standards, in the unorganized industry, compliance and monitoring of compliance fared lacking." For example, Mr. Damu said that because of poverty, child labor exists in almost all informal industries.
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From page 57... ...
has tried to remain neutral and mediate disputes between the workers and the government. However, because the government has refused to recognize the need for corrective action, the FSE is beginning to withdraw from its mediation role, and currently the only meaningful social dialogue is of a bipartite nature between the workers and employers.
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From page 58... ...
Overall, she said, exports from the garment sector of Bangladesh account for 76 percent of foreign exchange earnings. With the cooperation of the ILO and United Nations Children's Fund, the BGMEA has undertaken several projects to eliminate child labor, offering vocational training programs and stipends for school attendance.
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From page 59... ...
Although "most Latin American countries present a series of common social and economic problems," she said, "their conditions and magnitude vary from country to country according to the context." In El Salvador, the end of armed conflict, the democratization process, and the stabilization of the economy at the beginning of the 1990s allowed for a rapid recovery of the economy. Although economic growth has slowed since 1996 because of"internal and external situations and natural disasters," Ms.
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From page 60... ...
Ms. Marquez said that there are two main sources of information on child labor in the country: the Multipurpose Household Survey and the ILO's International Programme on the Elimination of Child Labour (IPEC)
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From page 61... ...
Marquez said, the organization has also promoted alternative income strategies for adults—such as working in orchards or animal husbandry and has started an adult literacy program in the cutting centers, with the intention of making parents aware of the importance of sending their children to school.
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From page 62... ...
TBPs emphasize the need to address the root causes of child labour, linking action against child labour to the national development effort, with particular emphasis on economic and social policies to combat poverty and to promote universal basic education and social mobilization." See the ILO-IPEC website, http://www.ilo.org/public/ english/standards/ipec/timebound/index.htm, for more information. 3"Under the Kamaiya system, a labourer agrees to work for a landlord on the basis of an oral contract for one year, for a wage that is generally paid in kind.
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From page 63... ...
The results have been low wages and productivity, high unemployment, increased searches for overseas work resulting in "brain drain" and the displacement of Nepalese workers by foreign workers.
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From page 64... ...
Established in 2000, WEBCOP is intended to provide a forum for workers and employers to collaborate on certain initiatives, induding . recognizing enterprises at the regional or national level with strong records of compliance; · introducing a system of compliance certification for enterprises observing core standards in order to produce role models for other businesses; and · developing training programs for managers, union leaders, and workers "with a view to sensitize them to the needs of standards compli
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From page 65... ...
The South African Constitution, he said, may be the only one that establishes fair labor practices as a constitutional right. And this incorporation of international standards into domestic instruments gives rise to a number of sources for indicators of compliance, including judgments in the Constitutional Court, the Labor Court, and civil courts.
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From page 66... ...
Mr. van Niekerk concluded by saying that implementing labor standarcls through South Africa's new conciliatory approach has been more successful in resolving disputes than the "cumbersome and inefficient" approach of using the criminal courts.
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