The Hydrogen Economy Opportunities, Costs, Barriers, and R&D Needs (2004) / Chapter Skim
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9. Crosscutting Issues
9. Crosscutting Issues
Pages 106-115
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From page 106... ...
, the DOE has initiated a new-to-the-department systems integration Program Management activity to assist in the management of the remarkable com The director of the DOE Office of Hydrogen, Fuel Cells plexities associated with hydrogen system development. In and Infrastructure Technologies -- charged with coordinat- a draft charter on systems integration, the DOE defines this ing hydrogen programs across the DOE -- provided the com- "Systems Integration" function as "a disciplined approach mittee with an organization chart that shows how the depart- applied to the design, development, and commissioning of ment set up various coordinating committees and lines of complex systems that ensures that requirements are identiauthority to help manage the overall DOE hydrogen pro- fied, validated, and met while minimizing the impact on cost gram.
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From page 107... ...
Detailed analysis director of the DOE Office of Hydrogen, Fuel Cells, and within envelopes and across the national energy system Infrastructure Technologies and others in the DOE immedi- must all be part of an effective systems analysis program, ately began action to respond to those recommendations. In particularly in the case of a potentially vast, future energy this chapter, the committee presents some additional per- system based on hydrogen.
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From page 108... ...
The Department of Energy should larger set of economic and social concerns, especially those identify potentially useful management tools and capabiliof enabling investment in hydrogen distribution and logistic ties developed elsewhere in the government for managing systems and of public acceptance, which will likely be complex programs and should evaluate their potential for heavily influenced by hydrogen safety concerns. Thus, it is use in the hydrogen program.
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From page 109... ...
The minimum spark Further, many common odorants would poison the catalyst energy required for the ignition of hydrogen in air is low in hydrogen fuel cells.
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From page 110... ...
these alternative fuels. In order to execute the hydrogen program, there need to · Distributed production.
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From page 111... ...
As disof market forces will not be made unless government creates cussed in Chapter 3, "The Demand Side: Hydrogen End-Use a business environment that reflects societal priorities with Technologies," experience in the past with transitions to alrespect to greenhouse gas emissions and oil imports. Sec- ternative fuels, such as ethanol, methanol, or compressed ond, the committee believes that a hydrogen economy will natural gas, has not resulted in the significant penetration of not result from a straightforward replacement of the present these alternative fuels into the light-duty-vehicle market.
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From page 112... ...
But the "fuels" industry in this bring the energy industry into the hydrogen program. Parcase may not only be the conventional petroleum and natu- ticularly noteworthy are FreedomCar and the Hydrogen Fuel ral gas companies that would see an opportunity to supply Initiative and the broad input solicited for the 2002 National hydrogen; also involved would be companies that produce Energy Hydrogen Roadmap and the 2003 Hydrogen Posture electrolyzers, as well as the electric power industry that Plan: An Integrated Research, Development, and Demonwould supply electricity if hydrogen were produced by stration Plan.
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From page 113... ...
thousands of small sites, each with some emissions, whereas Hydrogen Fuel Cycle 5Criteria pollutants are air pollutants emitted from numerous or diverse Production of hydrogen necessitates utilization of primary stationary or mobile sources for which National Ambient Air Quality Stan dards have been set to protect human health and public welfare. The origiresources either as feedstock (e.g., natural gas for reforming, nal list of criteria pollutants, adopted in 1971, consisted of carbon monox ide, total suspended particulate matter, sulfur dioxide, photochemical oxi dants, hydrocarbons, and nitrogen oxides.
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From page 114... ...
the nature of the hydrogen technologies deployed, on the However, as noted above, it is during the production phase portfolio mix of primary resources on which these technoloof the fuel cycle of hydrogen that the potential for the emis- gies are based, and on the pollution control equipment and sion of criteria pollutants or greenhouse gas emissions exists. regulatory regimes that are implemented.
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From page 115... ...
Increase R&D in Water appropriations bill (Public Law 108-137) , $37 million small-scale natural gas reforming, electrolysis, and new conis earmarked for activities that will not particularly advance cepts for distributed hydrogen production systems; the hydrogen initiative.
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