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Appendix E: Spreadsheet Data from Hydrogen Supply Chain Cost Analyses
Pages 141-193

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From page 141... ... , and assumed, for a total of $453 million. Finally, the hydrogen whether or not sequestration of carbon dioxide is required at costs are calculated for the assumed fuel, other variable, and facilities processing hydrocarbon feedstock. Read the entire page →
From page 142... ... that feedstock Coal-C Coal-F Coal-C-Seq Coal-F-Seq CS CS CS CS spreadsheets Coal CN: FN: CY: FY: (hydrocarbon detailed Source the sequestration = from Y Energy Gas NG-C NG-F NG-C-Seq NG-F-Seq NG-C NG-F are CS CS CS CS Dist Dist Primary Natural CN: FN: CY: FY: C: F: NG-C) technology; CS current (e.g., = C station pathways NOTES: Scale Central Midsize Distributed chain Read the entire page →
From page 143... ... 143 0 0 0.20 0.06 0.06 0.32 0.31 1.00 1.63 0.01 0.01 0.02 0.07 0.21 0.31 Nu-F 12 532.98 507.42 CS 2,468.19 3,508.59 continued 11 0 0 0.19 0.08 0.02 0.30 0.11 0.36 0.77 0.01 0.01 0.02 0.07 0.21 0.31 Coal-F-Seq 889.97 532.98 507.42 CS 1,930.38 10 0 0 Coal-C-Seq 0.21 0.17 0.03 0.41 0.15 0.47 1.03 0.01 0.02 0.03 0.09 0.29 0.42 724.75 714.51 CS 1,177.33 2,616.59 0 0 9 0.19 0.04 0.02 0.25 0.11 0.35 0.71 0.01 0.01 0.02 0.07 0.21 0.31 Coal-F 868.18 532.98 507.42 CS 1,908.58 0 0 8 0.21 0.11 0.03 0.35 0.15 0.46 0.96 0.01 0.02 0.03 0.09 0.29 0.42 Coal-C 724.75 714.51 CS 1,151.92 2,591.18 Results of E-2 Seq 0 0 7 0.73 0.06 0.01 0.80 0.05 0.17 1.02 0.01 0.01 0.02 0.07 0.21 0.31 Summary NG-F 425.54 532.98 507.42 CS 1,465.95 TABLE Plant 0 0 Central 6 0.79 0.08 0.02 0.89 0.08 0.25 1.22 0.01 0.02 0.03 0.09 0.29 0.42 NG-C-Seq 623.75 724.75 714.51 CS 2,063.01 0 0 5 0.71 0.03 0.01 0.74 0.04 0.13 0.92 0.01 0.01 0.02 0.07 0.21 0.31 NG-F 326.85 532.98 507.42 CS 1,367.25 0 0 4 0.75 0.03 0.01 0.79 0.06 0.18 1.03 0.01 0.02 0.03 0.09 0.29 0.42 NG-C 453.39 724.75 714.51 CS 1,892.66 capital capital $ capital capital of of Costs 2 of Costs 2 H of H capital capital milion Investment 1%/yr costs of 1%/yr costs of $/kg fund $/kg 18%/yr 18%/yr Production O&M, costs, Distribution Capital costs, 5%/yr O&M, 5%/yr variable variable E- costs costs investment, charges, Total charges, Total production costs, costs, Total Total Total 2 Table H Distribution Dispensing Feed Electricity Decommission Non-fuel Labor Fuel Electricity Non-fuel Pathway Capital Production Variable Fixed Capital Distribution Variable Fixed Capital Read the entire page →
From page 144... ... 144 0.11 0.06 0.17 0.04 0.18 0.39 1.63 0.31 0.39 2.33 Nu-F 12 CS 11 0.11 0.06 0.17 0.04 0.18 0.39 0.77 0.31 0.39 0.15 0.03 1.64 0.60 0.45 0.15 2.21 1.65 0.56 0.03 4.05 Coal-F-Seq 14.84 CS 10 Coal-C-Seq 0.14 0.09 0.23 0.05 0.25 0.54 1.03 0.42 0.54 0.16 0.04 2.19 0.82 0.49 0.33 3.00 1.80 1.20 0.04 4.41 16.19 CS 0 9 0.11 0.06 0.17 0.04 0.18 0.39 0.71 0.31 0.39 0.23 1.63 4.56 4.50 0.07 0.25 0.23 Coal-F 16.73 16.49 CS 0 8 0.14 0.09 0.23 0.05 0.25 0.54 0.96 0.42 0.54 0.26 2.17 5.12 4.90 0.21 0.77 0.26 Coal-C 18.76 17.98 CS continued Seq 7 0.11 0.06 0.17 0.04 0.18 0.39 1.02 0.31 0.39 0.08 0.02 1.82 0.35 0.24 0.12 1.30 0.88 0.42 0.02 7.91 2.16 NG-F E-2 CS TABLE 6 0.14 0.09 0.23 0.05 0.25 0.54 1.22 0.42 0.54 0.09 0.02 2.28 0.42 0.26 0.16 1.53 0.95 0.58 0.02 8.56 2.34 NG-C-Seq CS 0 5 0.11 0.06 0.17 0.04 0.18 0.39 0.92 0.31 0.39 0.12 1.73 2.39 2.34 0.05 8.75 8.56 0.18 0.12 NG-F CS 0 4 0.14 0.09 0.23 0.05 0.25 0.54 1.03 0.42 0.54 0.13 2.11 2.51 2.45 0.06 9.22 8.99 0.23 0.13 NG-C CS ) 2 H capital capital of /kg 2 2 of Costs atmosphere H to capital CO 1%/yr costs of $/kg 2 (kg 18%/yr vented H 2 sequestered Dispensing Costs ($/kg) Read the entire page →
From page 145... ... .lower in developing nations or wastes Biomass yield 10 tonne/ha/yr bone dry 8-12 ton/hr/yr typical if farmed, 3-5 ton/hr/yr if forestation or wastes Coal $ 1.22 /million Btu dry HHV $0.75-1.25/million Btu coal utility delivered see www.eia.doe.gov Carbon tax $ 50.00 $/tonne C Carbon Price for Carbon Vented $50$/tonne C CO2 disposal cost $ 10.00 /tonne CO2 From plant gate at high pressure to injection Fixed O&M Costs 5.0% /yr of capital 4-7% typical for refiners: labor, overhead, insurance, taxes, G&A Capital Charges 15.9% /yr of capital 20-25%/yr CC typical for refiners & 14-20%/yr CC typical for utilities 20%/yr CC is about 12% IRR DCF on 100% equity where as 15%/yr CC is about 12% IRR DCF on 50% equity & debt at 7% Hydrogen Distribution to Forecourt Inputs Above annual CC rates assume quick ramp-up to design capacity Maximum pipeline distance to forecourt 150 km, key assumption for pipeline 70,650 sq km area Number of pipeline arms 4 directions 30 FCV per sq km Days of H2 storage for high availability 5 days at design H2 rate Pipeline 600,000 $/km equivalent to $ 965,562 per mile Capital Cost Buildup Inputs from process unit costs General Facilities 20% 20-40% typical assume low for pipeline Engineering, Permitting & Startup 10% 10-20% typical assume low for pipeline Contingencies 7% of process units 10-20% typical, should be low after the first few Working Capital, Land & Misc. 7% of process units 5-10% typical Site specific factor 110% above US Gulf Coast 90-130% typical; sales tax, labor rates & weather issues Operating Cost Buildup Inputs Non-fuel Variable O&M 1.0% /yr of capital 0.5-1.5% typical but could be lower for pipeline Electricity $ 0.045 /kWh $0.04-0.05/kWh typical industrial rate, see www.eia.doe.gov Fixed O&M Costs 5.0% /yr of capital 4-7% typical for refiners: labor, overhead, insurance, taxes, G&A Capital Charges 15.9% /yr of capital 20-25%/yr CC typical for refiners for 12% DCF IRR Hydrogen Fueling Station Inputs 7.2 km radius per station Hydrogen sales/month per station from above 75,000 kg/month thereby supplying 438 stations Average hydrogen sales/d per station from above 2,466 kg/d actual 2,740 kg/d design 161 sq km per station Forecourt loading factor 90% /yr of design "plug & play" 24 hr replacements for reasonable availability High pressure gas storage buffer 3 hours at peak surge rate due to higher demand before & after work typical fill-up times Capital Cost Buildup Inputs from process unit costs assuming peak is 3 times the daily average H2 flow General Facilities 25% Engineering, Permitting & Startup 10% of process units 10-20% typical Engineering costs spread over multiple stations Contingencies 10% of process units 10-20% typical, should be low after the first few Working Capital, Land & Misc. Read the entire page →
From page 146... ... 7% of process units 20 5-10% typical U.S. Gulf Coast Capital Costs 412 Site specific factor 110% of US Gulf Coast costs Total Capital Costs 453 Unit Capital Costs 0.99 /scf/d H2 or 411 /kg/d H2 or 411 /gal/d gaso equiv million $/yr $/million $/1,000 $/kg H2 or Hydrogen Costs at 98% ann load factor of 1 plant Btu LHV scf H2 $/gal gaso equiv Notes Variable Non-fuel O&M 1.0% /yr of capital 5 0.10 0.03 0.01 0.5-1.5% typical Natural Gas $ 4.50 /MM Btu HHV 294 6.56 1.80 0.75 $2.50-4.50/MM Btu industrial rate Electricity $ 0.045 /kWh 13 0.28 0.08 0.03 $0.04-0.05/kWh industrial rate Variable Operating Cost 311 6.94 1.90 0.79 Fixed Operating Cost 5.0% /yr of capital 23 0.51 0.14 0.06 4-7% typical for refining Capital Charges 16% /yr of capital 72 1.61 0.44 0.18 20-25% typical for refining Total Gaseous Hydrogen Costs from Natural Gas 406 9.05 2.48 1.03 including return on investment Carbon Tax $ 50.00 /ton 50 1.10 0.30 0.13 include indirect C from power notes: Costs are for production at the plant only and do not include distribution costs. Read the entire page →
From page 147... ... 7% of process units 14 5-10% typical U.S. Gulf Coast Capital Costs 297 Site specific factor 110% of US Gulf Coast costs Total Capital Costs 327 Unit Capital Costs 0.72 /scf/d H2 or 297 /kg/d H2 or 297 /gal/d gaso equiv 72% of equivalent high estimate million $/yr $/million $/1,000 $/kg H2 or Hydrogen Costs at 98% ann load factor of 1 plant Btu LHV scf H2 $/gal gaso equiv Notes Variable Non-fuel O&M 1.0% /yr of capital 3 0.07 0.02 0.01 0.5-1.5% typical Natural Gas $ 4.50 /MM Btu HHV 280 6.24 1.71 0.71 $2.50-4.50/MM Btu industrial rate Electricity $ 0.045 /kWh 10 0.22 0.06 0.03 $0.04-0.05/kWh industrial rate Variable Operating Cost 293 6.54 1.80 0.74 Fixed Operating Cost 5.0% /yr of capital 16 0.36 0.10 0.04 4-7% typical for refining Capital Charges 16% /yr of capital 52 1.16 0.32 0.13 20-25% typical for refining Total Gaseous Hydrogen Costs from Natural Gas 362 8.06 2.21 0.92 89% of equivalent high Carbon Tax $ 50.00 /ton 47 1.05 0.29 0.12 include indirect C from power notes: Costs are for production at the plant only and do not include distribution costs. Read the entire page →
From page 148... ... 7% of process units 27 5-10% typical U.S. Gulf Coast Capital Costs 567 Site specific factor 110% of US Gulf Coast costs Total Capital Costs 624 Unit Capital Costs 1.25 /scf/d H2 or 520 /kg/d H2 or 520 /gal/d gaso equiv 126% of equivalent without CO2 capture million $/yr $/million $/1,000 $/kg H2 or Hydrogen Costs at 90% ann load factor of 1 plant Btu LHV scf H2 $/gal gaso equiv Notes Variable Non-fuel O&M 1.0% /yr of capital 6 0.14 0.04 0.02 0.5-1.5% typical Natural Gas $ 4.50 /MM Btu HHV 311 6.94 1.90 0.79 $2.50-4.50/MM Btu industrial rate Electricity $ 0.045 /kWh 32 0.72 0.20 0.08 $0.04-0.05/kWh industrial rate Variable Operating Cost 350 7.79 2.14 0.89 Fixed Operating Cost 5.0% /yr of capital 31 0.70 0.19 0.08 4-7% typical for refining Capital Charges 16% /yr of capital 99 2.21 0.61 0.25 20-25% typical for refining Total Gaseous Hydrogen Costs from Natural Gas 480 10.70 2.94 1.22 including return on investment Carbon Tax $ 50.00 /ton 8 0.18 0.05 0.02 include indirect C from power CO2 Disposal $ 10.00 /ton 34 0.75 0.21 0.09 From plant gate at high pressure notes: Costs are for production at the plant only and do not include distribution costs. Read the entire page →
From page 149... ... 7% of process units 18 5-10% typical U.S. Gulf Coast Capital Costs 387 Site specific factor 110% of US Gulf Coast costs Total Capital Costs 426 Unit Capital Costs 0.86 /scf/d H2 or 355 /kg/d H2 or 355 /gal/d gaso equiv 68% of equivalent high million $/yr $/million $/1,000 $/kg H2 or Hydrogen Costs at 90% ann load factor of 1 plant Btu LHV scf H2 $/gal gaso equiv Notes Variable Non-fuel O&M 1.0% /yr of capital 4 0.09 0.03 0.01 0.5-1.5% typical Natural Gas $ 4.50 /MM Btu HHV 287 6.40 1.76 0.73 $2.50-4.50/MM Btu industrial rate Electricity $ 0.045 /kWh 23 0.52 0.14 0.06 $0.04-0.05/kWh industrial rate Variable Operating Cost 315 7.02 1.93 0.80 Fixed Operating Cost 5.0% /yr of capital 21 0.47 0.13 0.05 4-7% typical for refining Capital Charges 16% /yr of capital 68 1.51 0.41 0.17 20-25% typical for refining Total Gaseous Hydrogen Costs from Natural Gas 404 9.00 2.47 1.02 84% of equivalent high Carbon Tax $ 50.00 /ton 7 0.16 0.04 0.02 include indirect C from power CO2 Disposal $ 10.00 /ton 31 0.69 0.19 0.08 From plant gate at high pressure notes: Costs are for production at the plant only and do not include distribution costs. Read the entire page →
From page 150... ... 7% of process units 47 5-10% typical U.S. Gulf Coast Capital Costs 1,047 Site specific factor 110% of US Gulf Coast costs Total Capital Costs 1,152 691 $/kWt H2 Unit Capital Costs 2.32 /scf/d H2 or 960 /kg/d H2 or 960 /gal/d gaso equiv 1,309 $/kWe equiv 233% of equivalent NG case assuming "H" 60% LHV million $/yr $/million $/1,000 $/kg H2 or minus import power & CC Hydrogen Costs at 90% ann load factor of 1 plant Btu LHV scf H2 $/gal gaso equiv Notes Variable Non-fuel O&M 1.0% /yr of capital 12 0.26 0.07 0.03 0.5-1.5% typical Coal $ 1.22 /MM Btu HHV 83 1.85 0.51 0.21 $0.75-1.25/MM Btu typical Electricity $ 0.045 /kWh 43 0.95 0.26 0.11 $0.04-0.05/kWh industrial rate Variable Operating Cost 138 3.07 0.84 0.35 Fixed Operating Cost 5.0% /yr of capital 58 1.28 0.35 0.15 4-7% typical for refining Capital Charges 16% /yr of capital 183 4.08 1.12 0.46 20-25% typical for refining Total Gaseous Hydrogen Costs from Coal 378 8.43 2.32 0.96 including return of investment Carbon Tax $ 50.00 /ton 101 2.25 0.62 0.26 include indirect C from power notes: $ 32.28 /tonne coal price from above $/MM Btu input at 12,000 Btu/lb HHV Costs are for production at the plant only and do not include distribution costs. Read the entire page →
From page 151... ... Gulf Coast Capital Costs 789 Site specific factor 110% of US Gulf Coast costs Total Capital Costs 868 521 $/kWt H2 Unit Capital Costs 1.75 /scf/d H2 or 723 /kg/d H2 or 723 /gal/d gaso equiv 903 $/kWe equiv 75% of equivalent high assuming "H" 60% LHV million $/yr $/million $/1,000 $/kg H2 or minus import power & CC Hydrogen Costs at 90% ann load factor of 1 plant Btu LHV scf H2 $/gal gaso equiv Notes Variable Non-fuel O&M 1.0% /yr of capital 9 0.19 0.05 0.02 0.5-1.5% typical Coal $ 1.22 /MM Btu HHV 76 1.70 0.47 0.19 $0.75-1.25/MM Btu typical Electricity $ 0.045 /kWh 13.85 0.31 0.08 0.04 $0.04-0.05/kWh industrial rate Variable Operating Cost 99 2.20 0.60 0.25 Fixed Operating Cost 5.0% /yr of capital 43 0.97 0.27 0.11 4-7% typical for refining Capital Charges 16% /yr of capital 138 3.08 0.84 0.35 20-25% typical for refining Total Gaseous Hydrogen Costs from Coal 280 6.25 1.72 0.71 74% of equivalent high Carbon Tax $ 50.00 /ton 90 2.01 0.55 0.23 include indirect C from power notes: $ 32.28 /tonne coal price from above $/MM Btu input at 12,000 Btu/lb HHV Costs are for production at the plant only and do not include distribution costs. Assume no plant storage but compression of hydrogen to 75 atm for the pipeline. Read the entire page →
From page 152... ... 7% of process units 48 5-10% typical U.S. Gulf Coast Capital Costs 1,070 Site specific factor 110% of US Gulf Coast costs Total Capital Costs 1,177 706 $/kWt H2 Unit Capital Costs 2.37 /scf/d H2 or 981 /kg/d H2 or 981 /gal/d gaso equiv 1,447 $/kWe equiv 102% of equivalent wtihout CO2 capture assuming "H" 60% LHV million $/yr $/million $/1,000 $/kg H2 or minus import power & CC Hydrogen Costs at 90% ann load factor of 1 plant Btu LHV scf H2 $/gal gaso equiv Notes Variable Non-fuel O&M 1.0% /yr of capital 12 0.26 0.07 0.03 0.5-1.5% typical Coal $ 1.22 /MM Btu HHV 83 1.85 0.51 0.21 $0.75-1.25/MM Btu typical Electricity $ 0.045 /kWh 66 1.48 0.41 0.17 $0.04-0.05/kWh industrial rate Variable Operating Cost 161 3.60 0.99 0.41 Fixed Operating Cost 5.0% /yr of capital 59 1.31 0.36 0.15 4-7% typical for refining Capital Charges 16% /yr of capital 187 4.17 1.15 0.47 20-25% typical for refining Total Gaseous Hydrogen Costs from Coal 407 9.08 2.49 1.03 including return of investment Carbon Tax $ 50.00 /ton 16 0.36 0.10 0.04 include indirect C from power CO2 Disposal $ 10.00 /ton 64 1.42 0.39 0.16 From plant gate at high pressure notes: $ 32.28 /tonne coal price from above $/MM Btu input at 12,000 Btu/lb HHV Costs are for production at the plant only and do not include distribution costs. Read the entire page →
From page 153... ... Gulf Coast Capital Costs 809 Site specific factor 110% of US Gulf Coast costs Total Capital Costs 890 534 $/kWt H2 Unit Capital Costs 1.79 /scf/d H2 or 742 /kg/d H2 or 742 /gal/d gaso equiv 976 $/kWe equiv 76% of equivalent high assuming "H" 60% LHV million $/yr $/million $/1,000 $/kg H2 or minus import power & CC Hydrogen Costs at 90% ann load factor of 1 plant Btu LHV scf H2 $/gal gaso equiv Notes Variable Non-fuel O&M 1.0% /yr of capital 9 0.20 0.05 0.02 0.5-1.5% typical Coal $ 1.22 /MM Btu HHV 76 1.70 0.47 0.19 $0.75-1.25/MM Btu typical Electricity $ 0.045 /kWh 31.26 0.70 0.19 0.08 $0.04-0.05/kWh industrial rate Variable Operating Cost 116 2.59 0.71 0.30 Fixed Operating Cost 5.0% /yr of capital 44 0.99 0.27 0.11 4-7% typical for refining Capital Charges 16% /yr of capital 142 3.15 0.87 0.36 20-25% typical for refining Total Gaseous Hydrogen Costs from Coal 302 6.74 1.85 0.77 74% of equivalent high Carbon Tax $ 50.00 /ton 12 0.27 0.07 0.03 include indirect C from power CO2 Disposal $ 10.00 /ton 58 1.30 0.36 0.15 From plant gate at high pressure notes: $ 32.28 /tonne coal price from above $/MM Btu input at 12,000 Btu/lb HHV Costs are for production at the plant only and do not include distribution costs. Assume no plant storage but compression of hydrogen to 75 atm for the pipeline. Read the entire page →
From page 154... ... value Nuclear Fuel $ 5.0 /MWt h 110 2.44 0.67 0.28 Decommission fund 1% /yr of capital 25 0.55 0.15 0.06 Variable Operating Cost 127 2.84 0.78 0.32 Fixed Operating Cost 5.0% /yr of capital 123 2.75 0.76 0.31 4-7% typical for refining Capital Charges 15.9% /yr of capital 392 8.75 2.40 1.00 14-20%/yr CC typical for utilities Total H2 Costs from Nuclear water splitting 643 14.34 3.94 1.63 including return on investment Carbon Tax $ 50.00 /ton - - - - include indirect C from power notes: Costs are for production at the plant only and do not include distribution costs. Assume no plant storage but compression of hydrogen to 75 atm for the pipeline. Read the entire page →
From page 155... ... startup & contingencies 10% of unit cost 46 Contingencies 7% of unit cost 32 Working Capital, Land & Misc. 7% of unit cost 32 could be lower for pipelines 659 Location factor 110% of US Gulf Coast 725 Unit Capital Costs 1.46 /scf/d H2 or 604 /kg/d H2 or 604 /gal/d gaso equiv $/million $/kg H2 or Variable Operating Cost Million $/yr Btu LHV $/k scf H2 $/gal gaso equiv Electricity $ 0.045 /kWh 5 0.12 0.03 0.01 Variable non-fuel O&M 1% /yr of capital 7 0.16 0.04 0.02 could be lower for pipelines Total variable operating costs 13 0.28 0.08 0.03 Fixed Operating Cost 5% /yr of capital 36 0.81 0.22 0.09 could be lower for pipelines Capital Charges 16% /yr of capital 115 2.57 0.71 0.29 Total operating costs 164 3.66 1.00 0.42 E-15 Read the entire page →
From page 156... ... startup & contingencies 10% of unit cost 34 Contingencies 7% of unit cost 24 Working Capital, Land & Misc. 7% of unit cost 24 could be lower for pipelines 485 Location factor 110% of US Gulf Coast 533 Unit Capital Costs 1.07 /scf/d H2 or 444.15 /kg/d H2 or 444 /gal/d gaso equiv 74% of equivalent high $/million $/kg H2 or Variable Operating Cost Million $/yr Btu LHV $/k scf H2 $/gal gaso equiv Electricity $ 0.045 /kWh 4 0.09 0.02 0.01 Variable non-fuel O&M 1% /yr of capital 5 0.12 0.03 0.01 could be lower for pipelines Total variable operating costs 9 0.21 0.06 0.02 Fixed Operating Cost 5% /yr of capital 27 0.59 0.16 0.07 could be lower for pipelines Capital Charges 16% /yr of capital 85 1.89 0.52 0.21 Total operating costs 121 2.69 0.74 0.31 74% of equivalent high E-16 Read the entire page →
From page 157... ... startup & contingencies 10% 0.11 Contingencies 10% 0.11 Working Capital, Land & Misc. 7% 0.08 Capital Costs 1.63 for 1 of 438 stations Total Capital Costs 715 for all 438 stations Unit Capital Costs 1.44 /scf/d H2 or 595 /kg/d H2 or 595 /gal/d gaso equiv $/yr $/million $/kg H2 or Hydrogen Costs at 90% ann load factor of 1 station Btu LHV $/k scf H2 $/gal gaso equiv Road tax or (subsidy) Read the entire page →
From page 158... ... startup & contingencies 10% 0.08 Contingencies 10% 0.08 Working Capital, Land & Misc. 7% 0.05 Capital Costs 1.16 for 1 of 438 stations Total Capital Costs 507 for all 438 stations Unit Capital Costs 1.02 /scf/d H2 or 423 /kg/d H2 or 423 /gal/d gaso equiv 71% of equivalent high $/yr $/million $/kg H2 or Hydrogen Costs at 90% ann load factor of 1 station Btu LHV $/k scf H2 $/gal gaso equiv Road tax or (subsidy) Read the entire page →
From page 159... ... (0.08) Electricity 0.04 0.03 0.10 0.08 0.29 0.14 0.41 0.21 2.43 2.11 Non-fuel O&M, 1%/yr of capital 0.03 0.02 0.03 0.03 0.15 0.07 0.16 0.08 0.11 0.01 Total variable costs 0.86 0.79 0.96 0.90 1.42 0.64 1.54 0.71 2.46 2.04 Fixed costs, 5%/yr of capital 0.13 0.10 0.17 0.13 0.77 0.37 0.79 0.38 0.54 0.06 Capital charges, 18%/yr of capital 0.40 0.32 0.54 0.43 2.44 1.19 2.50 1.22 1.71 0.20 Total Production Costs 1.38 1.21 1.67 1.46 4.63 2.21 4.82 2.32 4.70 2.30 Distribution costs, $/kg H2 Variable costs Labor 0.09 0.09 0.09 0.09 0.09 0.09 0.09 0.09 0.09 0.09 Fuel 0.01 0.01 0.01 0.01 0.01 0.01 0.01 0.01 0.01 0.01 Electricity 0.50 0.36 0.50 0.36 0.50 0.36 0.50 0.36 0.50 0.36 Non-fuel O&M, 1%/yr of capital 0.06 0.03 0.06 0.03 0.06 0.03 0.06 0.03 0.06 0.03 Total variable costs 0.65 0.49 0.65 0.49 0.65 0.49 0.65 0.49 0.65 0.49 Fixed costs, 5%/yr of capital 0.28 0.15 0.28 0.15 0.28 0.15 0.28 0.15 0.28 0.15 Capital charges, 18%/yr of capital 0.88 0.47 0.88 0.47 0.88 0.47 0.88 0.47 0.88 0.47 Total Distribution Costs 1.80 1.10 1.80 1.10 1.80 1.10 1.80 1.10 1.80 1.10 Dispensing costs, $/kg H2 Variable costs Road tax - - - - - - - - - Station markup - - - - - - - - - Electricity 0.06 0.06 0.06 0.06 0.06 0.06 0.06 0.06 0.06 0.06 Non-fuel O&M, 1%/yr of capital 0.13 0.06 0.13 0.06 0.13 0.06 0.13 0.06 0.13 0.06 Total variable costs 0.18 0.11 0.18 0.11 0.18 0.11 0.18 0.11 0.18 0.11 Fixed costs, 5%/yr of capital 0.08 0.03 0.08 0.03 0.08 0.03 0.08 0.03 0.08 0.03 Capital charges, 18%/yr of capital 0.36 0.16 0.36 0.16 0.36 0.16 0.36 0.16 0.36 0.16 Total Dispensing Costs 0.62 0.30 0.62 0.30 0.62 0.30 0.62 0.30 0.62 0.30 H2 Costs, $/kg Production 1.38 1.21 1.67 1.46 4.63 2.21 4.82 2.32 4.70 2.30 Distribution 1.80 1.10 1.80 1.10 1.80 1.10 1.80 1.10 1.80 1.10 Dispensing 0.62 0.30 0.62 0.30 0.62 0.30 0.62 0.30 0.62 0.30 CO2 disposal 0 0 0.09 0.09 0 0 0.26 0.17 0 0 Carbon Tax 0.13 0.12 0.02 0.02 0.03 0.01 (0.31) Read the entire page →
From page 160... ... .lower in developing nations or wastes Biomass yield 10 tonne/ha/yr bone dry 8-12 ton/hr/yr typical if farmed, 3-5 ton/hr/yr if forestation or wastes Coal $ 1.22 /million Btu dry HHV $0.75-1.25/million Btu coal utility delivered go to www.eia.doe.gov Carbon tax $ 50.00 $/tonne C Carbon Price for Carbon Vented $50 $/tonne C CO2 disposal cost $ 10.00 /ton From plant gate at high pressure Fixed O&M Costs 5.0% /yr of capital 4-7% typical for refiners: labor, overhead, insurance, taxes, G&A Capital Charges 15.9% /yr of capital 20-25%/yr CC typical for refiners & 14-20%/yr CC typical for utilities 20%/yr CC is about 12% IRR DCF on 100% equity where as 15%/yr CC is about 12% IRR DCF on 50% equity & debt at 7% Liquid Hydrogen Distribution to Forecout Inputs Average distance to forecourt 150 km, key assumption that favors liquid hydrogen over pipelines 70,650 sq km Truck utilization 80% 0.60 FVC/sq km Days of H2 storage for high availability 5 dyas at design H2 rate Capital Cost Buildup Inputs from process unit costs General Facilities 20% Engineering, Permitting & Startup 15% Contingencies 10% of process units 10-20% typical, should be low after the first few Working Capital, Land & Misc. 7% of process units 5-10% typical Site specific factor 110% above US Gulf Coast 90-130% typical; sales tax, labor rates & weather issues Operating Cost Buidup Inputs Labor $ 28.75 /hr Truck Fuel price $ 1.00 $/gal Electricity $ 0.045 /kWh Non-fuel Variable O&M 1.0% /yr of capital 0.5-1.5% is typical Fixed O&M Costs 5.0% /yr of capital 4-7% typical for refiners: labor, overhead, insurance, taxes, G&A Capital Charges 15.9% /yr of capital 20-25%/yr CC typical for refiners & 14-20%/yr CC typical for utilities Hydrogen Fueling Station (Forecourt) Read the entire page →
From page 161... ... Gulf Coast Capital Costs 19.6 Site specific factor 110% of US Gulf Coast costs Total Capital Costs 21.5 Unit Capital Costs 2.16 /scf/d H2 or 897 /kg/d H2 or 897 /gal/d gaso equiv million $/yr $/million $/1,000 $/kg H2 or Hydrogen Costs at 98% ann load factor of 1 plant Btu LHV scf H2 $/gal gaso equiv Notes Variable Non-fuel O&M 1.0% /yr of capital 0.2 0.22 0.06 0.03 0.5-1.5% typical Natural Gas $ 4.50 /MM Btu HHV 6.8 6.94 1.90 0.79 $2.50-4.50/MM Btu industrial rate Electricity $ 0.045 /kWh 0.4 0.39 0.11 0.04 $0.04-0.05/kWh industrial rate Variable Operating Cost 7.4 7.55 2.07 0.86 Fixed Operating Cost 5.0% /yr of capital 1.1 1.10 0.30 0.13 4-7% typical for refining Capital Charges 16% /yr of capital 3.4 3.50 0.96 0.40 20-25% typical for refining Total Liquid Hydrogen Production Costs from Natural Gas 11.9 12.15 3.34 1.38 including return on investment Carbon Tax $ 50.00 /ton 1 1.18 0.32 0.13 include indirect C from power notes: Costs are for production at the plant only and do not include distribution costs. Assume no plant storage and compression of hydrogen to 75 atm for distribution. Read the entire page →
From page 162... ... 7% of process units 0.7 5-10% typical U.S. Gulf Coast Capital Costs 15.6 Site specific factor 110% of US Gulf Coast costs Total Capital Costs 17.1 Unit Capital Costs 1.72 /scf/d H2 or 713 /kg/d H2 or 713 /gal/d gaso equiv million $/yr $/million $/1,000 $/kg H2 or Hydrogen Costs at 98% ann load factor of 1 plant Btu LHV scf H2 $/gal gaso equiv Notes Variable Non-fuel O&M 1.0% /yr of capital 0.2 0.18 0.05 0.02 0.5-1.5% typical Natural Gas $ 4.50 /MM Btu HHV 6.3 6.49 1.78 0.74 $2.50-4.50/MM Btu industrial rate Electricity $ 0.045 /kWh 0.3 0.28 0.08 0.03 $0.04-0.05/kWh industrial rate Variable Operating Cost 6.8 6.94 1.91 0.79 Fixed Operating Cost 5.0% /yr of capital 0.9 0.88 0.24 0.10 4-7% typical for refining Capital Charges 16% /yr of capital 2.7 2.79 0.76 0.32 20-25% typical for refining Total Liquid Hydrogen Production Costs from Natural Gas 10.4 10.60 2.91 1.21 including return on investment Carbon Tax $ 50.00 /ton 1.1 1.09 0.30 0.12 include indirect C from power notes: Costs are for production at the plant only and do not include distribution costs. Read the entire page →
From page 163... ... Gulf Coast Capital Costs 26.6 Site specific factor 110% of US Gulf Coast costs Total Capital Costs 29.3 Unit Capital Costs 2.94 /scf/d H2 or 1,219 /kg/d H2 or 1,219 /gal/d gaso equiv million $/yr $/million $/1,000 $/kg H2 or Hydrogen Costs at 98% ann load factor of 1 plant Btu LHV scf H2 $/gal gaso equiv Notes Variable Non-fuel O&M 1.0% /yr of capital 0.3 0.30 0.08 0.03 0.5-1.5% typical Natural Gas $ 4.50 /MM Btu HHV 7.1 7.24 1.99 0.82 $2.50-4.50/MM Btu industrial rate Electricity $ 0.045 /kWh 0.9 0.89 0.24 0.10 $0.04-0.05/kWh industrial rate Variable Operating Cost 8.2 8.42 2.31 0.96 Fixed Operating Cost 5.0% /yr of capital 1.5 1.50 0.41 0.17 4-7% typical for refining Capital Charges 16% /yr of capital 4.7 4.76 1.31 0.54 20-25% typical for refining Total Liquid Hydrogen Costs from Natural Gas 14.3 14.68 4.03 1.67 including return on investment Carbon Tax $ 50.00 /ton 0.2 0.20 0.06 0.02 include indirect C from power CO2 Disposal $ 10.00 /ton 0.8 0.79 0.22 0.09 From plant gate at high pressure note: Costs are for production at the plant only and do not include distribution costs. Assume no plant storage and compression of hydrogen to 75 atm for distribution. Read the entire page →
From page 164... ... Gulf Coast Capital Costs 21.0 Site specific factor 110% of US Gulf Coast costs Total Capital Costs 23.1 Unit Capital Costs 2.32 /scf/d H2 or 961 /kg/d H2 or 961 /gal/d gaso equiv million $/yr $/million $/1,000 $/kg H2 or Hydrogen Costs at 98% ann load factor of 1 plant Btu LHV scf H2 $/gal gaso equiv Notes Variable Non-fuel O&M 1.0% /yr of capital 0.2 0.24 0.06 0.03 0.5-1.5% typical Natural Gas $ 4.50 /MM Btu HHV 6.8 6.94 1.90 0.79 $2.50-4.50/MM Btu industrial rate Electricity $ 0.045 /kWh 0.7 0.72 0.20 0.08 $0.04-0.05/kWh industrial rate Variable Operating Cost 7.7 7.89 2.17 0.90 Fixed Operating Cost 5.0% /yr of capital 1.2 1.18 0.32 0.13 4-7% typical for refining Capital Charges 16% /yr of capital 3.7 3.75 1.03 0.43 20-25% typical for refining Total Liquid Hydrogen Costs from Natural Gas 12.5 12.83 3.52 1.46 including return on investment Carbon Tax $ 50.00 /ton 0.2 0.18 0.05 0.02 include indirect C from power CO2 Disposal $ 10.00 /ton 0.7 0.75 0.21 0.09 From plant gate at high pressure notes: Costs are for production at the plant only and do not include distribution costs. Assume no plant storage and compression of hydrogen to 75 atm for distribution. Read the entire page →
From page 165... ... 7% of process units 4.9 5-10% typical U.S. Gulf Coast Capital Costs 110.0 Site specific factor 110% of US Gulf Coast costs Total Capital Costs 121.0 Unit Capital Costs 12.17 /scf/d H2 or 5,043 /kg/d H2 or 5,043 /gal/d gaso equiv million $/yr $/million $/1,000 $/kg H2 or Hydrogen Costs at 90% ann load factor of 1 plant Btu LHV scf H2 $/gal gaso equiv Notes Variable Non-fuel O&M 1.0% /yr of capital 1.2 1.35 0.37 0.15 0.5-1.5% typical Delivered biomass $ 3.01 /MM Btu HHV 7.7 8.57 2.35 0.98 based on costs below Electricity $ 0.045 /kWh 2.3 2.55 0.70 0.29 0.04-0.05/kWh typical industrial rates Variable Operating Cost 11.2 12.47 3.42 1.42 Fixed Operating Cost 5.0% /yr of capital 6.1 6.74 1.85 0.77 4-7% typical for refining Capital Charges 16% /yr of capital 19.2 21.45 5.89 2.44 20-25% typical for refining Total Liquid Hydrogen Costs from Biomass 36.5 40.66 11.16 4.63 including return on investment Carbon Tax $ 50.00 /ton 0.2 0.25 0.07 0.03 include indirect C from power note: Costs are for production at the plant only and do not include distribution costs. Read the entire page →
From page 166... ... Gulf Coast Capital Costs 53.7 Site specific factor 110% of US Gulf Coast costs Total Capital Costs 59.0 Unit Capital Costs 5.93 /scf/d H2 or 2,460 /kg/d H2 or 2,460 /gal/d gaso equiv million $/yr $/million $/1,000 $/kg H2 or Hydrogen Costs at 90% ann load factor of 1 plant Btu LHV scf H2 $/gal gaso equiv Notes Variable Non-fuel O&M 1.0% /yr of capital 0.6 0.66 0.18 0.07 0.5-1.5% typical Delivered biomass $ 2.02 /MM Btu HHV 3.3 3.72 1.02 0.42 based on costs below Electricity $ 0.045 /kWh 1.1 1.27 0.35 0.14 0.04-0.05/kWh typical industrial rates Variable Operating Cost 5.1 5.65 1.55 0.64 Fixed Operating Cost 5.0% /yr of capital 3.0 3.29 0.90 0.37 4-7% typical for refining Capital Charges 16% /yr of capital 9.4 10.46 2.87 1.19 20-25% typical for refining Total Liquid Hydrogen Costs from Biomass 17.4 19.40 5.33 2.21 including return on investment Carbon Tax $ 50.00 /ton 0.1 0.12 0.03 0.01 include indirect C from power notes: Costs are for production at the plant only and do not include distribution costs. Assume no plant storage and compression of hydrogen to 75 atm for distribution. Read the entire page →
From page 168... ... Gulf Coast Capital Costs 55.0 Site specific factor 110% of US Gulf Coast costs Total Capital Costs 60.5 Unit Capital Costs 6.09 /scf/d H2 or 2,522 /kg/d H2 or 2,522 /gal/d gaso equiv million $/yr $/million $/1,000 $/kg H2 or Hydrogen Costs at 90% ann load factor of 1 plant Btu LHV scf H2 $/gal gaso equiv Notes Variable Non-fuel O&M 1.0% /yr of capital 0.6 0.67 0.19 0.08 0.5-1.5% typical Delivered biomass $ 2.02 /MM Btu HHV 3.3 3.72 1.02 0.42 based on costs below Electricity $ 0.045 /kWh 1.7 1.87 0.51 0.21 0.04-0.05/kWh typical industrial rates Variable Operating Cost 5.6 6.27 1.72 0.71 From plant gate at high pressure Fixed Operating Cost 5.0% /yr of capital 3.0 3.37 0.93 0.38 4-7% typical for refining Capital Charges 16% /yr of capital 9.6 10.73 2.95 1.22 20-25% typical for refining Total Liquid Hydrogen Costs from Biomass 18.3 20.37 5.59 2.32 including return on investment Carbon Tax $ 50.00 /ton (1.7) Read the entire page →
From page 169... ... value Electricity $ 0.045 /kWh 19.16 21.35 5.86 2.43 $0.04-0.05/kWh industrial rate Variable Operating Cost 19.373 21.59 5.93 2.46 Fixed Operating Cost 5.0% /yr of capital 4.239 4.72 1.30 0.54 4-7% typical for refining Capital Charges 16% /yr of capital 13.479 15.02 4.12 1.71 20-25% typical for refining Total Liquid Hydrogen Costs from Electrolysis 37.091 41.34 11.35 4.70 including return on investment Carbon Tax $ 50.00 /ton 1.9 2.07 0.57 0.24 include indirect C from power notes: Costs are for production at the plant only and do not include distribution costs. Assume no plant storage and compression of hydrogen to 75 atm for distribution. Read the entire page →
From page 170... ... value Electricity $ 0.045 /kWh 16.610 18.51 5.08 2.11 $0.04-0.05/kWh industrial rate Variable Operating Cost 16.076 17.92 4.92 2.04 Fixed Operating Cost 5.0% /yr of capital 0.486 0.54 0.15 0.06 4-7% typical for refining Capital Charges 16% /yr of capital 1.545 1.72 0.47 0.20 20-25% typical for refining Total Liquid Hydrogen Costs from Electrolysis 18.107 20.18 5.54 2.30 including return on investment Carbon Tax $ 50.00 /ton 1.6 1.80 0.49 0.20 include indirect C from power notes: Costs are for production at the plant only and do not include distribution costs. Assume no plant storage and compression of hydrogen to 75 atm for distribution. Read the entire page →
From page 171... ... Gulf Coast Capital Costs 29.4 Site specific factor 110% of US Gulf Coast costs Total Onsite Capital Costs 32.3 Liq H2 Tanker & undercarrage 2.0 $ 85 /kg/d H2 Truck Cabe 0.4 $ 15 /kg/d H2 Total Capital Costs Including Liquid H2 tanker trucks 34.7 Unit Capital Costs of 3.49 /scf/d H2 or 1,447 /kg/d H2 or 1,447 /gal/d gaso equiv $/million $/kg H2 or Variable Operating Cost Million $/yr Btu LHV $/k scf H2 $/gal gaso equiv Labor 0.71 0.79 0.22 0.09 Fuel 0.09 0.09 0.03 0.01 Electricity $ 0.045 /kWh 3.9 4.35 1.19 0.50 Variable non-fuel O&M 1.0% /yr of capital 0.35 0.44 0.11 0.06 86,813 $/yr/truck Total variable operating costs 5.04 5.67 1.54 0.65 Fixed Operating Cost 5% /yr of capital 1.74 1.93 0.53 0.28 Capital Charges 16% /yr of capital 5.52 6.15 1.69 0.88 Total operating costs 12.30 13.75 3.76 1.80 Assumptions Truck costs Tank unit 450,000 $/module 113 $/kg H2 stroage Undercarrage 60,000 $/trailer Cabe 90,000 $/cab Truck boil-off rate 0.30 %/day Truck capacity 4000 kg/truck Fuel economy 6 mpg Average speed 50 km/hr Load/unload time 4 hr/trip could be lowered with a liquid H2 pump Truck availability 24 hr/day Hour/driver 12 hr/driver Driver wage & benefits 28.75 $/hr Fuel price 1 $/gal Truck requirement calculations Trips per year 1,971 5 trips per day Total Distance 827,820 km/yr 206,955 km/yr per truck little high Time for each trip 8.4 hr/trip Trip length 12.4 hr/trip Delivered product 7,785,285 kg/yr Total delivery time 24,440 hr/yr Total driving time 16,556 hr/yr Total load/unload time 7,884 hr/yr Truck availability 7008 hr/yr Truck requirement 4 trucks Driver time 3504 hr/yr Drivers required 7 persons Fuel usage 85,000 gal/yr Delivery energy 9.63 kWth/liter diesel 0.39 kW/Kg H2 Read the entire page →
From page 172... ... Gulf Coast Capital Costs 15.0 Site specific factor 110% of US Gulf Coast costs Total Capital Costs 16.5 Liq H2 Tanker & undercarrage 1.6 $ 68 /kg/d H2 Truck Cabe 0.4 $ 15 /kg/d H2 Total Capital Costs Including Liquid H2 tanker trucks 18.5 Unit Capital Costs of 1.86 /scf/d H2 or 773 /kg/d H2 or 773 /gal/d gaso equiv $/million $/kg H2 or Variable Operating Cost Million $/yr Btu LHV $/k scf H2 $/gal gaso equiv Labor 0.71 0.79 0.22 0.09 Fuel 0.09 0.09 0.03 0.01 Electricity $ 0.045 /kWh 2.8 3.16 0.87 0.36 Variable non-fuel O&M 1.0% /yr of capital 0.19 0.23 0.06 0.03 46,352 $/yr/truck Total variable operating costs 3.81 4.28 1.17 0.49 Fixed Operating Cost 5% /yr of capital 0.93 1.03 0.28 0.15 Capital Charges 16% /yr of capital 2.95 3.28 0.90 0.47 Total operating costs 7.69 8.59 2.35 1.10 Assumptions Truck costs Tank unit 350,000 $/module 88 $/kg H2 stroage Undercarrage 60,000 $/trailer Cabe 90,000 $/cab Truck boil-off rate 0.30 %/day Truck capacity 4000 kg/truck Fuel economy 6 mpg Average speed 50 km/hr Load/unload time 4 hr/trip could be lowered with a liquid H2 pump Truck availability 24 hr/day Hour/driver 12 hr/driver Driver wage & benefits 28.75 $/hr Fuel price 1 $/gal Truck requirement calculations Trips per year 1,971 5 trips per day Total Distance 827,820 km/yr 206,955 km/yr per truck little high Time for each trip 8.4 hr/trip Trip length 12.4 hr/trip Delivered product 7,785,285 kg/yr Total delivery time 24,440 hr/yr Total driving time 16,556 hr/yr Total load/unload time 7,884 hr/yr Truck availability 7008 hr/yr Truck requirement 4 trucks Driver time 3504 hr/yr Drivers required 7 persons Fuel usage 85,000 gal/yr Delivery energy 9.63 kWth/liter diesel 0.39 kW/Kg H2 Read the entire page →
From page 173... ... startup & contingencies 10% of unit cost 0.151 Contingencies 10% of unit cost 0.151 Working Capital, Land & Misc. 7% of unit cost 0.106 Capital Costs 2.300 for 1 of 9 stations Total Capital Costs 21 for all 9 stations Unit Capital Costs of 2.03 /scf/d H2 or 839 /kg/d H2 or 839 /gal/d gaso equiv $/yr $/million $/kg H2 or Hydrogen Costs at 90% ann load factor of 1 station Btu LHV $/k scf H2 $/gal gaso equiv Road tax or (subsidy) Read the entire page →
From page 174... ... startup & contingencies 10% of unit cost 0.066 Contingencies 10% of unit cost 0.066 Working Capital, Land & Misc. 7% of unit cost 0.046 Capital Costs 1.001 for 1 of 9 stations Total Capital Costs 9 for all 9 stations Unit Capital Costs of 0.88 /scf/d H2 or 365 /kg/d H2 or 365 /gal/d gaso equiv $/yr $/million $/kg H2 or Hydrogen Costs at 90% ann load factor of 1 station Btu LHV $/k scf H2 $/gal gaso equiv Road tax or (subsidy) Read the entire page →
From page 175... ... APPENDIX E 175 Table E-33 begins on page 176. Read the entire page →
From page 176... ... 176 APPENDIX E TABLE E-33 Distributed Plant Summary of Results Pathway Dist NG-C Dist NG-F Dist Elec-C Dist Elec-F Dis NGASE Table E- 35 36 37 38 39 Capital investment, MM 1.85 0.96 2.54 0.57 1.30 Production costs s/kg H2 Variable costs Road tax or (subsidy) -- -- -- -- - Gas Station mark-up -- -- -- -- - Feed 1.37 1.17 1.34 Electricity 0.15 0.12 384 3.31 0.40 Non-fuel O&M, %/yr of capital 0.12 0.06 0.16 0.04 0.08 Total variable costs 1.64 1.35 4.00 3.35 1.83 Fixed costs, %/yr of capital 0.23 0.12 0.32 0.07 0.16 Capital charges 1.64 0.85 2.26 0.51 1.15 Total Production Costs 3.51 2.33 6.58 3.93 3.15 Carbon Tax 0.17 0.14 0.24 0.21 0.18 TOTAL H2 Costs 3.68 2.47 6.82 4.13 3.32 Carbon Dioxide Vented to Atmosphere KG Carbon/KG H2 3.31 2.82 4.79 4.13 355 Direct Use 3.11 2.67 3.05 Indirect Use 0.19 0.15 4.79 4.13 0.50 KG CO2/KG H2 12.13 10.34 15.13 15.13 13.03 Direct Use 11.42 9.79 11.19 Indirect Use 0.71 0.55 15.13 15.13 1.85 Read the entire page →
From page 177... ... APPENDIX E 177 Dis WI EIe-C Dis WT El-F Di PV El-C Di PV El-F Di WI Gr C Di WT Gr F Di PV-Gr-C Di PV-Gr-F 40 41 42 43 44 45 46 47 6.86 0.89 9.94 1.43 2.75 0.59 2.74 0.59 -- -- -- - -- -- -- - 3.29 1.90 17.48 4.64 3.67 2.75 6.57 3.58 0.44 0.06 0.63 0.09 0.17 0.04 0.17 0.04 3.73 1.95 18.11 4.73 385 2.78 6.74 3.61 0.87 0.11 1.26 0.18 0.35 0.07 0.35 0.07 6.09 0.79 8.82 1.27 2.44 0.52 2.43 0.52 10.69 2.86 28.19 6.18 6.64 3.38 9.52 4.21 0.17 0.12 0.19 0.17 10.69 2.86 28.19 6.18 6.81 3.50 9.71 4.37 3.35 2.48 3.83 3.30 3.35 2.48 3.83 3.30 12.28 9.08 14.04 12.11 12.28 9.08 14.04 12.11 Read the entire page →
From page 178... ... 178 APPENDIX E actual average gasoline of kg/yr kg/d G&A 7% forecourt as 30% at equivalent gallon for availability 432 1 units designs only CO2/kWe CO2/kWe taxes, utilities CO2 where debt as 157,680 high issues is for & range www.eia.doe.gov for play" & revenues grid kg/hr kg/hr CC standard equity kg/d few www.eia.doe.gov see /tonne equity content units onsite weather 0.75 0.75 insurance, "plug first see & station rate, at at 100% 50% average 10,000 multiple going 27.27 the urban it rate, grid grid 14-20%/yr on on situations energy to replacements FCV small of rates total & or process for after for get overhead, 100 unit as eng. to current DCF DCF $ same each labor low low drops current current specific actual for low costs commercial labor, refiners IRR IRR the be be tax, EtOH and and for for is H2 process H2 land sales commercial 12% 12% included like efficiency, Inputs H2 hr sales H2 typical coal coal of scf/d kg/month km/liter kg/yr should assume should high if refiners: kg 24 power typical typical future for about about change 1 typical 28 utilities subsidy NGCC, NGCC, from CC is is play" 185 typical; is Btu typical, typical, typical, typical, needed C CC CC can 13,140 & on on typical Notes 198,960 need be major Summary that "plug All 20-40% 10-20% 10-20% 5-10% 90-130% may may 0.5-1.5% $4-7/MM $0.06-.0.09/kWh Incremental Based Based include 4-7% 20-25%/yr 20%/yr 15%/yr E-34 variables Hydrogen rate TABLE input equivalent equivalent surge units units units units Coast Onsite key design HHV Gulf the H2 peak capital gasoline gasoline Btu CO2/kWe CO2/kWe capital capital design at process process process process US of of of Plant, are kg/d of hr mpg mile/yr of of of of of /gal /gal /yr /MM /kWh kg/hr kg/hr /tonne /yr /yr 3 65 5% 480 90% 20% 10% 10% - 110% 1.0% 6.50 50% 0.32 0.32 2.0% 0.070 50.00 14.0% 12,000 costs $ $ $ $ $ Distributed unit eff Boxed process emissions emissions from generation CO2 CO2 Gas Startup Inputs & Misc. Read the entire page →
From page 179... ... - - - - can be subsidy like EtOH Gas Station mark-up $ - /gal gaso equiv. - - - - if H2 drops total station revenues Variable Non-fuel O&M 1% /yr of capital 0.0185 1.03 0.28 0.12 0.5-1.5% is typical Natural Gas $ 6.50 /MM Btu HHV 0.2158 12.03 3.30 1.37 $4-7/MM Btu EIA commercial rate Electricity $ 0.070 /kWh 0.0244 1.36 0.37 0.15 $0.06-.09/kWh EIA commercial rate Variable Operating Cost 0.2587 14.41 3.96 1.64 Fixed Operating Cost 2% /yr of capital 0.0369 2.06 0.57 0.23 4-7% typical for refining Capital Charges 14% /yr of capital 0.2585 14.41 3.96 1.64 20-25% typical of refining Total HP Hydrogen Costs from Natural Gas 0.5541 30.88 8.48 3.51 including return on investment Carbon Tax $ 50.00 /ton 0.0261 1.45 0.40 0.17 include indirect C from power note: Assume filling station has existing natural gas pipeline infrastructure, if not more capital or higher NG price E-37 Read the entire page →
From page 180... ... - - - - can be subsidy like EtOH Gas Station mark-up $ - /gal gaso equiv. - - - - if H2 drops total station revenues Variable Non-fuel O&M 1% /yr of capital 0.010 0.54 0.15 0.06 0.5-1.5% is typical Natural Gas $ 6.50 /MM Btu HHV 0.185 10.31 2.83 1.17 $4-7/MM Btu EIA commercial rate Electricity $ 0.070 /kWh 0.019 1.06 0.29 0.12 $0.06-.09/kWh EIA commercial rate Variable Operating Cost 0.214 11.90 3.27 1.35 Fixed Operating Cost 2% /yr of capital 0.019 1.07 0.29 0.12 4-7% typical for refining Capital Charges 14% /yr of capital 0.134 7.49 2.06 0.85 20-25% typical of refining Total HP Hydrogen Costs from Natural Gas 0.367 20.47 5.62 2.33 including return on investment Carbon Tax $ 50.00 /ton 0.022 1.24 0.34 0.14 include indirect C from power note: Assume filling station has existing natural gas pipeline infrastructure, if not more capital or higher NG price E-38 Read the entire page →
From page 181... ... - - - - can be subsidy like EtOH Gas Station mark-up $ - /gal gaso equiv. - - - - if H2 drops total station revenues Non-fuel Variable O&M 1.0% /yr of capital 0.025 1.42 0.39 0.16 0.5-1.5% is typical Electricity $ 0.070 /kWh 0.605 33.72 9.26 3.84 $0.06-.09/kWh EIA commercial rate Variable Operating Cost 0.631 35.14 9.65 4.00 mostly electricity costs Fixed Operating Cost 2.0% /yr of capital 0.051 2.83 0.78 0.32 4-7% typical for refining Capital Charges 14.0% /yr of capital 0.356 19.82 5.44 2.26 20-25% typical of refining Total HP Hydrogen Costs from Electrolysis 1.037 57.79 15.87 6.58 including return on investment Carbon Tax $ 50.00 /ton 0.038 2.10 0.58 0.24 include indirect C from power Note: if 12 hr/d at $ 0.040 /kWh lower off-peak rate and Daliy average rate could be 12 hr/d at $ 0.090 /kWh higher peak rate $ 0.065 /kWh If only operated during low off-peak rate times would have low ann load factor & need more expensive H2 storage Assume Hydrogn Systems Electrolysis at 150 psig pressure, Norsk Hydro & Stuard systems are low pressure Assumed oxygen recovery for by-product sales with large central plant case, but only minor economic impact E-39 Read the entire page →
From page 182... ... - - - - can be subsidy like EtOH Gas Station mark-up $ - /gal gaso equiv. - - - - if H2 drops total station revenues Non-fuel Variable O&M 1.0% /yr of capital 0.006 0.32 0.09 0.04 0.5-1.5% is typical Electricity $ 0.070 /kWh 0.522 29.09 7.99 3.31 $0.06-.09/kWh EIA commercial rate Variable Operating Cost 0.528 29.40 8.07 3.35 mostly electricity costs Fixed Operating Cost 2.0% /yr of capital 0.011 0.64 0.17 0.07 4-7% typical for refining Capital Charges 14.0% /yr of capital 0.080 4.46 1.22 0.51 20-25% typical of refining Total HP Hydrogen Costs from Electrolysis 0.619 34.50 9.47 3.93 including return on investment Carbon Tax $ 50.00 /ton 0.033 1.81 0.50 0.21 include indirect C from power Note: if 12 hr/d at $ 0.040 /kWh lower off-peak rate and Daliy average rate could be 12 hr/d at $ 0.090 /kWh higher peak rate $ 0.065 /kWh If only operated during low off-peak rate times would have low ann load factor & need more expensive H2 storage Assume high pressure electrolysis cell with drastically lower capital cost of mass production cost & higher efficiency Assumed oxygen recovery for by-product sales with large central plant case, but only minor economic impact E-40 Read the entire page →
From page 184... ... - - - - if H2 drops total station revenues Non-fuel Variable O&M 1.0% /yr of capital 0.069 3.82 1.05 0.44 0.5-1.5% is typical Electricity from WT $ 0.060 /kWh 0.519 28.91 7.94 3.29 directly from kW WT-L worksheet Variable Operating Cost 0.587 32.73 8.99 3.73 mostly electricity costs Fixed Operating Cost 2.0% /yr of capital 0.137 7.65 2.10 0.87 4-7% typical for refining Capital Charges 14.0% /yr of capital 0.961 53.53 14.70 6.09 20-25% typical of refining Total HP Hydrogen Costs from Electrolysis 1.685 93.91 25.79 10.69 including return on investment Assume high pressure electrolysis cell with drastically lower capital cost of mass production cost & higher efficiency Assume no transmission or distributions cost for the wind turbine power which usually adds $0.02-.04/kWh Assumed oxygen recovery for by-product sales with large central plant case, but only minor economic impact E-42 Read the entire page →
From page 185... ... - - - - if H2 drops total station revenues Non-fuel Variable O&M 1.0% /yr of capital 0.009 0.50 0.14 0.06 0.5-1.5% is typical Electricity from WT $ 0.040 /kWh 0.299 16.68 4.58 1.90 directly from kW WT-L worksheet Variable Operating Cost 0.308 17.18 4.72 1.95 mostly electricity costs Fixed Operating Cost 2.0% /yr of capital 0.018 0.99 0.27 0.11 4-7% typical for refining Capital Charges 14.0% /yr of capital 0.125 6.96 1.91 0.79 20-25% typical of refining Total HP Hydrogen Costs from Electrolysis 0.451 25.13 6.90 2.86 27% of relative high Assume high pressure electrolysis cell with drastically lower capital cost of mass production cost & higher efficiency Assume no transmission or distributions cost for the wind turbine power which usually adds $0.02-.04/kWh Assumed oxygen recovery for by-product sales with large central plant case, but only minor economic impact E-43 Read the entire page →
From page 186... ... - - - - if H2 drops total station revenues Non-fuel Variable O&M 1.0% /yr of capital 0.099 5.54 1.52 0.63 0.5-1.5% is typical Electricity from Solar $ 0.319 /kWh 2.756 153.56 42.16 17.48 directly from kW SV-H worksheet Variable Operating Cost 2.855 159.10 43.68 18.11 mostly electricity costs Fixed Operating Cost 2.0% /yr of capital 0.199 11.07 3.04 1.26 4-7% typical for refining Capital Charges 14.0% /yr of capital 1.391 77.51 21.28 8.82 20-25% typical of refining Total HP Hydrogen Costs from Electrolysis 4.445 247.68 68.01 28.19 including return on investment Assume high pressure electrolysis cell with drastically lower capital cost of mass production cost & higher efficiency Assume no transmission or distributions cost for the wind turbine power which usually adds $0.02-.04/kWh Assumed oxygen recovery for by-product sales with large central plant case, but only minor economic impact E-14 Read the entire page →
From page 187... ... - - - - if H2 drops total station revenues Non-fuel Variable O&M 1.0% /yr of capital 0.014 0.80 0.22 0.09 0.5-1.5% is typical Electricity from Solar $ 0.098 /kWh 0.731 40.75 11.19 4.64 directly from kW SV-L worksheet Variable Operating Cost 0.746 41.55 11.41 4.73 mostly electricity costs Fixed Operating Cost 2.0% /yr of capital 0.029 1.59 0.44 0.18 4-7% typical for refining Capital Charges 14.0% /yr of capital 0.200 11.14 3.06 1.27 20-25% typical of refining Total HP Hydrogen Costs from Electrolysis 0.974 54.28 14.91 6.18 22% of relavent high Assume high pressure electrolysis cell with drastically lower capital cost of mass production cost & higher efficiency Assume no transmission or distributions cost for the wind turbine power which usually adds $0.02-.04/kWh Assumed oxygen recovery for by-product sales with large central plant case, but only minor economic impact E-45 Read the entire page →
From page 188... ... - - - - if H2 drops total station revenues Gas Station mark-up $ - /gal gaso equiv. - - - - 0.5-1.5% is typical Non-fuel Variable O&M 1.0% /yr of capital 0.028 1.53 0.42 0.17 Electricity from Grid $0.070 /kWh 0.424 23.61 6.48 2.69 directly from kW WT-L worksheet Electricity from WT $ 0.060 /kWh 0.156 8.67 2.38 0.99 mostly electricity costs Variable Operating Cost 0.607 33.81 9.28 3.85 4-7% typical for refining Fixed Operating Cost 2.0% /yr of capital 0.055 3.07 0.84 0.35 20-25% typical of refining Capital Charges 14.0% /yr of capital 0.385 21.46 5.89 2.44 62% of relative high Total HP Hydrogen Costs from Electrolysis 1.047 58.34 16.02 6.64 include indirect C from power Carbon Tax $ 50.00 /ton 0.026 1.47 0.40 0.17 Assume high pressure electrolysis cell with drastically lower capital cost of mass production cost & higher efficiency Assume no transmission or distributions cost for the wind turbine power which usually adds $0.02-.04/kWh Assumed oxygen recovery for by-product sales with large central plant case, but only minor economic impact E-46 Read the entire page →
From page 189... ... - - - - can be subsidy like EtOH Gas Station mark-up $ - /gal gaso equiv. - - - - if H2 drops total station revenues Non-fuel Variable O&M 1.0% /yr of capital 0.006 0.33 0.09 0.04 0.5-1.5% is typical Electricity from Grid $0.070 /kWh 0.313 17.45 4.79 1.99 Electricity from WT $ 0.040 /kWh 0.120 6.67 1.83 0.76 directly from kW WT-L worksheet Variable Operating Cost 0.439 24.45 6.71 2.78 mostly electricity costs Fixed Operating Cost 2.0% /yr of capital 0.012 0.65 0.18 0.07 4-7% typical for refining Capital Charges 14.0% /yr of capital 0.082 4.58 1.26 0.52 20-25% typical of refining Total HP Hydrogen Costs from Electrolysis 0.533 29.69 8.15 3.38 32% of relative high Carbon Tax $ 50.00 /ton 0.020 1.09 0.30 0.12 include indirect C from power Assume high pressure electrolysis cell with drastically lower capital cost of mass production cost & higher efficiency Assume no transmission or distributions cost for the wind turbine power which usually adds $0.02-.04/kWh Assumed oxygen recovery for by-product sales with large central plant case, but only minor economic impact E-47 Read the entire page →
From page 190... ... - - - - can be subsidy like EtOH Gas Station mark-up $ - /gal gaso equiv. - - - - if H2 drops total station revenues Non-fuel Variable O&M 1.0% /yr of capital 0.027 1.53 0.42 0.17 0.5-1.5% is typical Electricity from Grid $0.070 /kWh 0.484 26.98 7.41 3.07 Electricity from PV $ 0.319 /kWh 0.551 30.71 8.43 3.50 directly from Dist PV-C worksheet Variable Operating Cost 1.063 59.22 16.26 6.74 mostly electricity costs Fixed Operating Cost 2.0% /yr of capital 0.055 3.05 0.84 0.35 4-7% typical for refining Capital Charges 14.0% /yr of capital 0.384 21.38 5.87 2.43 20-25% typical of refining Total HP Hydrogen Costs from Electrolysis 1.501 83.65 22.97 9.52 89% of relative high Carbon Tax $ 50.00 /ton 0.030 1.68 0.46 0.19 include indirect C from power Assume high pressure electrolysis cell with drastically lower capital cost of mass production cost & higher efficiency Assume no transmission or distributions cost for the wind turbine power Assumed oxygen recovery for by-product sales with large central plant case, but only minor economic impact E-48 Read the entire page →
From page 191... ... - - - - can be subsidy like EtOH Gas Station mark-up $ - /gal gaso equiv. - - - - if H2 drops total station revenues Non-fuel Variable O&M 1.0% /yr of capital 0.006 0.33 0.09 0.04 0.5-1.5% is typical Electricity from Grid $0.070 /kWh 0.418 23.27 6.39 2.65 Electricity from PV $ 0.098 /kWh 0.146 8.15 2.24 0.93 directly from Dist PV-F worksheet Variable Operating Cost 0.570 31.75 8.72 3.61 mostly electricity costs Fixed Operating Cost 2.0% /yr of capital 0.012 0.65 0.18 0.07 4-7% typical for refining Capital Charges 14.0% /yr of capital 0.082 4.58 1.26 0.52 20-25% typical of refining Total HP Hydrogen Costs from Electrolysis 0.664 36.99 10.16 4.21 39% of relative high Carbon Tax $ 50.00 /ton 0.026 1.45 0.40 0.17 include indirect C from power Assume high pressure electrolysis cell with drastically lower capital cost of mass production cost & higher efficiency Assume no transmission or distributions cost for the PV power which usually adds $0.02-.04/kWh Assumed oxygen recovery for by-product sales with large central plant case, but only minor economic impact E-49 Read the entire page →
From page 192... ... Gulf Coast Capital Costs 14.12 2,986 Site specific factor 110% above US Gulf Coast Total Capital Costs 15.53 3,285 $/kW design 6,473 $/kg/d H2 design capacity 15.62 $/scf/d H2 design capacity Inputs for summary US dollars Electricity Cost 20% ann. capacity factor $ MM/yr $/kWh Sunny location like CA Capital charges 14% of capital per yr 2.175 0.262 Fixed O&M 2% 0.311 0.037 Variable O&M 1% 0.155 0.019 Solar Subsidies $ - /kWh - - zero for fair comparison Solar PV power costs 2.641 0.319 0.000 mt CO2/MWh Assumed transmission and distribution costs Total delivered Solar PV power costs 0.319 $/kWh Note: Solar PV subside is equivalent to $ - /tonne CO2 avoided assuming solar power replaces NGCC at 0.35 mt CO2/MWh E-20 Read the entire page →
From page 193... ... Gulf Coast Capital Costs 4.35 919 Site specific factor 110% above US Gulf Coast Total Capital Costs 4.78 1,011 $/kW design 1,992 $/kg/d H2 design capacity 4.80 $/scf/d H2 design capacity Inputs for summary US dollars Electricity Cost 20% ann. capacity factor $ MM/yr $/kWh Sunny location like CA Capital charges 14% of capital per yr 0.669 0.081 Fixed O&M 2% 0.096 0.012 Variable O&M 1% 0.048 0.006 Solar Subsidies $ - /kWh - - zero for fair comparison Solar PV power costs at wind turbine 0.813 0.098 0.000 mt CO2/MWh Assumed transmission and distribution costs Total delivered Solar PV power costs 0.098 $/kWh Note: Solar PV subside is equivalent to $ - /tonne CO2 avoided assuming the wind turbine power replaces NGCC at 0.35 mt CO2/MWh E-21 Read the entire page →

From page 141...

... , and assumed, for a total of $453 million. Finally, the hydrogen whether or not sequestration of carbon dioxide is required at costs are calculated for the assumed fuel, other variable, and facilities processing hydrocarbon feedstock.

Appendix E: Spreadsheet Data from Hydrogen Supply Chain Cost Analyses Pages 141-193

Appendix E: Spreadsheet Data from Hydrogen Supply Chain Cost Analyses
Pages 141-193