The Hydrogen Economy Opportunities, Costs, Barriers, and R&D Needs (2004) / Chapter Skim
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Executive Summary
Executive Summary
Pages 1-7
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energy · Made recommendations to the DOE on RD&D, includ- system, creating opportunities to increase energy security ing directions, priorities, and strategies. through the use of a variety of domestic energy sources for hydrogen production while reducing environmental impacts, The vision of the hydrogen economy is based on two including atmospheric CO2 emissions and criteria pollutexpectations: (1)
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tages from the perspectives of energy security and CO2 emis- These steps add costs and energy losses that are particularly sions. Specifically for the transportation sector, dramatic significant when the hydrogen competes as a commodity progress in the development of fuel cells, storage devices, transportation fuel -- leading the committee to believe that and distribution systems is especially critical.
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The role of the are as follows: DOE hydrogen program3 in the restructuring of the overall national energy system will evolve with time. · The committee's upper-bound market penetration case To help shape the DOE hydrogen program, the commitfor fuel cell vehicles, premised on hybrid vehicle experi tee sees a critical role for systems analysis.
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In- ticular, if the cost of the fuel cell system for light-duty vetegration within the overall DOE effort must also address hicles does not eventually decrease to the $50/kW range, interactions with end-use energy efficiency, as represented, fuel cells will not propel the hydrogen economy without for example, by high-fuel-economy options such as hybrid some regulatory mandate or incentive. vehicles.
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The hy- likely that, in the next 10 to 30 years, hydrogen produced in drogen infrastructure program should address issues such as distributed rather than centralized facilities will dominate. storage requirements, hydrogen purity, pipeline materials, Distributed production of hydrogen seems most likely to be compressors, leak detection, and permitting, with the objec- done with small-scale natural gas reformers or by electrolytive of clarifying the conditions under which large-scale and sis of water; however, new concepts in distributed producsmall-scale hydrogen production will become competitive, tion could be developed over this time period.
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Carbon Dioxide-Free Hydrogen The long timescale associated with the development of vi- Recommendation ES-8. The Department of Energy should able hydrogen fuel cells and hydrogen storage provides a time tighten the coupling of its efforts on hydrogen and fuel cell window for a more intensive DOE program to develop hydro- technology with the DOE Office of Fossil Energy's progen from electrolysis, which, if economic, has the potential to grams on carbon capture and storage (sequestration)
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The committee also believes that the hydrogen program, in an attempt to meet the extreme challenges set by The committee recommends that the following areas resenior government and DOE leaders, has tried to establish ceive increased emphasis: RD&D activities in too many areas, creating a very diverse, somewhat unfocused program. Thus, prioritizing the efforts · Fuel cell vehicle development.
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