Veterans and Agent Orange Length of Presumptive Period for Association Between Exposure and Respiratory Cancer (2004) / Chapter Skim
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3 Epidemiologic Studies
3 Epidemiologic Studies
Pages 40-50
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From page 40... ...
and its updates (IOM, 1996, 1999, 2001, 2003) review the entire relevant literature on herbicide exposure, but this chapter discusses articles that the committee believes reflect, with reasonable accuracy, the length of time between herbicide or TCDD exposure and occurrence of respiratory cancer with sufficient respiratory-cancer cases to support some judgment about the patterns of relative risks reported.
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From page 41... ...
Therefore, studies of inorganic arsenic exposure are not reviewed here. Of the chemicals, the most data are available on populations exposed to TCDD or 2,4-D.
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From page 42... ...
on relative exposure to TCDD. An analysis using Cox regression models and an assumption of 15-year latency after initial employment found a statistically significant trend between exposure and lung cancer mortality among the workers, with highest mortality in the top two septiles of exposure (hazard ratios = 2.6 (1.35.0)
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From page 43... ...
TABLE 3-2c Seveso Study: Lung Cancer Mortality in Men, by Years Since First Exposure Zones A and B Time Since First Relative 95% Exposure (years) Observed Expected Risk Confidence Interval 04 9 8.9 1.0 (0.52.0)
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From page 44... ...
. TABLE 3-3 German Phenoxy Herbicide and Chlorophenol Manufacturing Workers Study: Observed and Expected Lung Cancer Deaths and SMRs for Men, by Time Since First Exposure Time Since First Exposure (years)
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From page 45... ...
In addition, two recent studies have used toxicokinetic models to obtain a measure of cumulative dose and have used this as an exposure metric in analysis of increased cancer risk associated with TCDD exposure. Steenland et al.
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From page 46... ...
They examined the NIOSH cohort data by using a minimal physiologic toxicokinetic model that assumes TCDD concentrations to be in dynamic equilibrium among three lipid compartments in the body -- blood, liver, and adipose tissue -- with assumptions about TCDD elimination and intake. The model used for analysis of the NIOSH cohort was developed with data on Ranch Hands, for whom serum concentrations were available at multiple times.
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From page 47... ...
. A mortality study of a different cohort of male factory workers employed by factories that manufactured phenoxy herbicides found nineteen deaths attributed to lung cancer (SMR, 1.3)
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From page 48... ...
. Six out of 9 respiratory cancer deaths in a cohort of factory workers involved in the production of 2,4,5-T occurred after 20 years of exposure (Bueno de Mesquita et al., 1993)
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From page 49... ...
:356359. Kogevinas M, Becher H, Benn T, Bertazzi PA, Boffetta P, Bueno de Mesquita HB, Coggon D, Colin D, Flesch-Janys D, Fingerhut M, Green L, Kauppinen T, Littorin M, Lynge E, Mathews JD, Neuberger M, Pearce N, Saracci R
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From page 50... ...
2001. Use of a toxicokinetic model in the analysis of cancer mortality in relation to the estimated absorbed dose of dioxin (2,3,7,8-tetrachlorodiben zo-p-dioxin, TCDD)
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