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Veterans and Agent Orange Length of Presumptive Period for Association Between Exposure and Respiratory Cancer (2004) / Chapter Skim
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4 Conclusions
Pages 51-56

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From page 51...
... Toxicokinetic Data TCDD is a highly hydrophobic chemical that readily crosses cell membranes and accumulates in lipid-rich organs. Mobilization of TCDD that accumulates in those organs results in continued target organ exposure after external exposure has ended.
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From page 52...
... Latent periods and presumptive periods for different chemicals depend on differences in the mechanisms by which chemicals act, that is, on whether they are initiators or promoters. Furthermore, carcinogenic chemicals that are relatively persistent in the body may initiate or promote the carcinogenic process over a long period.
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From page 53...
... The overall uncertainty in the estimate of the presumptive period includes uncertainty in the association and uncertainty in the time course. The Update 2002 committee concluded that evidence remains limited but suggestive that there is an association between exposure to at least one of the chemicals of interest (2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid, 2,4,5-trichlorophenoxyacetic acid and its contaminant TCDD, picloram, and cacodylic acid)
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From page 54...
... Various statistical modeling techniques have been developed to evaluate latent periods and presumptive periods. Each model has limitations and is only as good as the available input data.
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From page 55...
... 2001. Analysis of a historical cohort of Chinese tin miners with arsenic, radon, cigarette smoke, and pipe smoke exposures using the biologically based two-stage clonal expansion model.
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From page 56...
... Symposium on Fundamental Cancer Research 39:187­196.
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Key Terms

  • presumptive period
  • latent period
  • body burden
  • epidemiologic studies
  • increased risk

  • presumptive periods
  • remains increased
  • contaminant tcdd
  • latent periods
  • whenever body

  • carcinogenic process
  • chinese tin
  • period beyond
  • lung cancer
  • cancer risk

  • risk posed
  • tin miners
  • agent orange
  • upper limit
  • epidemiologic data

  • occur whenever
  • increase uncertainty
  • epidemiologic literature
  • period seen
  • sumptive period

  • various statistical
  • health outcome
  • respiratory carcinogens
  • develops respiratory
  • occupational exposure


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