Urban Change and Poverty (1988) / Chapter Skim
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Urban Economic Trends
Urban Economic Trends
Pages 24-32
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From page 24... ...
These metropolitan and regional shifts in economic activity and population have affected individual local areas in different ways and at different times, resulting in uneven development and differential growth patterns across regions and areas. With the suburbanization of jobs and people, large central cities have been declining relative to the remainder of their metropolitan areas for decades, except in the West and South where some cities have been able to annex the suburbs as they developed.
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From page 25... ...
The most recent data from the U.S. Department of Commerce's Bureau of Economic Analysis indicate that metropolitan areas as a whole have reassumed their lead in economic growth in the 1980s, although some central cities, and even entire metropolitan areas in the Mideast and North Central regions, continue to lose population and employment (see Garnick, in this volume)
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From page 26... ...
The economic success story of the 1980s is one of growth in the service sectors, even in the declining regions (Table 7~. According TABLE 5 Average Annual Growth Rates (percentage)
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From page 27... ...
, 1979-1984 Average Annual Growth Rate Metropolitan Statistical Personal Total Area, by Region Income Population Earnings New England 10.44 0.29 9.90 Mideast 9.20 0.17 8.26 Great Lakes 6.93 -0.05 5.23 Plains 8.73 0.71 7.55 Southeast 10.58 1.70 9.55 Southwest 11.46 2.96 10.70 Rocky Mountains 10.62 2.32 9.67 Far West 9.57 1.86 8.45 Total United States 9.37 1.07 8.26 NOTE: Data are for Bureau of Economic Analysis regions. SOURCE: Garnick (in this ~rolume:Table 3~.
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From page 28... ...
Despite the revival of some central-city economies in declining regions through the growth of the white-coDar service sector, middleciass people are not moving back into central-city neighborhoods in numbers large enough to have much effect. Reverse migration by middle-cIass whites has occurred in a few neighborhoods of some central cities but not on a large enough scale to counter the general out-migration of whites and more affluent minorities or to make much of an impact on the economic fortunes of those central cities (Berry, 1985; Frey, 1985; I.aska and Spain, 1980~.
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From page 29... ...
Employment TABLE 8 Average Annual Growth Rates (percentage) of Total Personal Income, Population, Earnings, and Employment in the 50 Largest Metropolitan Statistical Areas (MSAs)
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From page 30... ...
But the data also indicate that core counties have been growing slowly overall, even in the 1980s (Garnick, in this volume:Table 93. In terms of population, the MSA core counties grew more slowly than their regions and contiguous suburban counties both nationally and in the New England, Mideast, Great Lakes, Plains, and Rocky Mountain regions.
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From page 31... ...
constituted 1.54 percent of total personal income in MSA core counties and only 0.79 percent in contiguous counties. Other transfers (primarily unemployment insurance and Social Security, government, and railroad retirement benefits)
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From page 32... ...
Although the central cities that are declining will have fewer people to serve, few governments have found a way to reduce expenditures, in part, probably, because the remaining populations have lower incomes and use more government services. These facts have revenue implications as well as expenditure implications, especially for local governments that rely heavily on the property tax.
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