Urban Change and Poverty (1988) / Chapter Skim
Currently Skimming:
Urban Infrastructure
Urban Infrastructure
Pages 44-50
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From page 44... ...
In fact, high crime rates, a poorly educated work force, and other social problems may inhibit economic development. In addition, the bargaining between public officials and the private sector that is required in public-private ventures creates more opportunities for corruption.
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From page 45... ...
The Public Sector Advisory Council for Financing Public Infrastructure also has been set up by private sector groups to report to the Senate Finance Committee. Urban infrastructure is important for economic development, and it is not being replaced at a fast enough rate to prevent its continued deterioration.
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From page 46... ...
Existing capital stock, especially in older areas, may become obsolete and reduce economic activity. Maintenance of existing capital stock may be inadequate or deferred in times of fiscal stress practices that increase lifetime costs, impose costs on private users, and even threaten safety (Advisory Commission on Intergovernmental Relations, 1984:8-9~.
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From page 47... ...
Although spending for these functions fell greatly after 1970, spending for conservation and development projects and water supply expanded rapidly in the early 1960s and again in the late 1970s. Sewer investment expanded in the early 1970s in response to federal clean water mandates and federal grants for wastewater treatment.
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From page 48... ...
a concentration of structurally deficient bridges in the Northeast and North Central regions and in fiscally stressed, large, and declining cities and (b) a concentration of functionally obsolescent bridges in the South and North Central regions and in growing cities.
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From page 49... ...
By the 1970s the major postwar investment for an expanding population schoob, streets, water and sewer services, and the interstate highway system was nearly complete except in fast-growing areas of the South and West. Wastewater treatment facilities and mass transit systems were largely completed in the 1970s.
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From page 50... ...
There has also been increased competition in the municipal bond market from nontraditional borrowers; by 1981 between 25 and 50 percent (depending on the definition used) of all long-term bonds were for private purposes for example, industrial and commercial development, hospitals, housing mortgages, and student loans (Petersen and Hough, 1983:17~.
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