Biographical Memoirs Volume 84 (2004) / Chapter Skim
Currently Skimming:
Pages 183-204
The Chapter Skim interface presents what we've algorithmically identified as the most significant single chunk of text within every page in the chapter.
Select key terms on the right to highlight them within pages of the chapter.
From page 183... ...
Soon his laboratory became a nucleus for those who wished to understand the cell biology of the immune response. His cinematography and electron microscopy made his discoveries more exciting.
|
From page 184... ...
184 B I O G R A P H I C A L M E M O I R S young boy, first to Manhattan's Lower East Side, and soon thereafter to southern Illinois, where he and his brother operated several dry goods stores. Jim's mother emigrated with her parents and four siblings from Poland to St.
|
From page 185... ...
J A M E S G E R A L D H I R S C H 185 plans when a close friend applied to Yale. Jim was accepted at Yale, but his friend was not, so he went alone to Yale's Sheffield Scientific School.
|
From page 186... ...
An internship with W Barry Wood, Jr., at Barnes Hospital in St.
|
From page 187... ...
Taking advantage of the high incidence of streptococcal infections in this Rocky Mountain area, the SDL was carrying out clinical studies of environmental, bacterial, and host factors to understand the relation of these infections to the development of rheumatic fever. While SDL performed laboratory tests, Jim was the chief of medi
|
From page 188... ...
Jim's clinical observations on acute rheumatic fever in this patient population resulted in his first two publications. With David Flett he reported that absolute bed rest was not necessary and that aspirin (no antibiotics)
|
From page 189... ...
In 1960 when he became a member, professor, and senior physician, he established his own laboratory of cellular immunology. He remained close to Dubos, with an office just a few steps away.
|
From page 190... ...
At the time the study of leukocytes was in its infancy and hematology was ruled by the erythrocyte. Barry Wood provided some precedents with
|
From page 191... ...
Phagocytin marked a new beginning on the biology and function of phagocytic cells. In 1957 Zanvil Cohn joined Dubos's laboratory and within three years he and Hirsch found that phagocytin and other cationic polypeptides were localized in cytoplasmic granules of leukocytes.
|
From page 192... ...
Yet, details of the granules as they broke could not be seen because they were at the limit of resolution of the light microscope. Jim then arranged to buy an electron microscope, which at the time took more than a year for delivery.
|
From page 193... ...
They tested alternating periods of bed rest and physical activity on patients who were also treated with the new antibiotic therapy. Their forceful conclusion was that "bed rest is a potentially harmful treatment .
|
From page 194... ...
Zan began independent studies of the cultured mouse peritoneal macrophage as a model for further pioneering studies in cell biology. With the arrival of an electron microscope in the lab, Martha Fedorko, a hematologist and investigator trained in using this still new technology, joined Hirsch and Cohn to produce clear views of macrophage lysosomes as well as their derivation.
|
From page 195... ...
This helped set the stage for Ralph Steinman and Zanvil Cohn and their discovery of dendritic cells as essential accessories for the antibody response. Continuing earlier studies on interactions between phagocytic cells and infectious agents, Thomas Jones and Hirsch devised a model system using Toxoplasma gondii to study its entry into the phagocyte, its intracellular localization, and its evasion from cellular attack.
|
From page 196... ...
The topic was his beloved white cells, and he delighted in presenting the history of his role models Elie Metchnikoff and Paul Ehrlich, as well as his sophisticated electron micrographs and superb motion pictures of white cells in action. Phagocytes as large as the screen engulfing bacteria caused the young audiences to marvel.
|
From page 197... ...
students. Jim was uniquely suited to be dean, having mastered Rockefeller's traditional postdoctoral apprenticeship under Dubos and then having trained both postdoctoral fellows and graduate students for 15 years in his own laboratory.
|
From page 198... ...
198 B I O G R A P H I C A L M E M O I R S vorced, and he married Beate, who had been his laboratory technician before bringing her fine organizational skills to the Dean's Office.) Jim interacted dynamically with every one of his "junior colleagues," a name he preferred because it conveyed his aim in fostering research careers.
|
From page 199... ...
Not surprisingly, medical education was the primary theme of Jim's philanthropy at the Macy Foundation. He expanded their commitment to increase participation of minorities and women in medicine and biomedical research, thus affirming what he had practiced in staffing his own laboratory.
|
From page 200... ...
His life and work typify the noble tradition of the physician-scientist." MANY FRIENDS,COLLEAGUES , and family members of James Hirsch contributed to this memoir: Fulvio Bardossi, Robert Bortle, John Bruer, Zanvil Cohn, Clarence M Connelly, Osborne Day, James Ellis, Marie Flett, Charles Frankenhoff, Robert Glaser, Don Herbert, Beate Hirsch, Phil Hirsch, Bonta Hiscoe, Thomas Hunter, Stanford Kroopf, Maclyn McCarty, Sara Schiffman, Dolores Schucart, John Sheley, and Clifford Tepper.
|
From page 201... ...
Studies of phagocytosis of Group A streptococci by polymorphonuclear leucocytes in vitro.
|
From page 202... ...
Cytoplasmic granule formation in myelocytes. An electron microscope radioautographic study on the mecha nism of formation of cytoplasmic granules in rabbit heterophilic myelocytes.
|
From page 203... ...
J A M E S G E R A L D H I R S C H 203 1969 With M Baggiolini and C
|
Key Terms
This material may be derived from roughly machine-read images, and so is provided only to facilitate research.
More
information on Chapter Skim is available.