Existing and Potential Standoff Explosives Detection Techniques (2004) / Chapter Skim
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Appendix C Presentations to the Committee
Appendix C Presentations to the Committee
Pages 129-138
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From page 129... ...
Detection of land mines is not a primary consideration for the NRC study. DARPA requests that the committee identify new approaches and new ways of thinking about the problem of standoff explosives detection.
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From page 130... ...
A variety of bombing scenarios can be envisioned, and detection must be geared toward one or more of these. Scenarios include suicide bombers, car or truck bombs, boat bombs, abandoned packages, and booby traps, to name a few.
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From page 131... ...
For example, use of radio-frequency, neutron analysis, or X-ray backscatter may offer opportunities for finding concealed explosives. Electro-optical properties, including millimeter wave imaging, radar, terahertz imaging or spectroscopy, the dielectric constant of explosives, or Raman spectroscopy are just some of the other options available for this task.
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From page 132... ...
Currently, the most prevalent explosives used in criminal bombings in the United States are commercially manufactured low explosives such as black and smokeless powders. Many of the more recent high-profile bombings seen both in the United States and abroad utilize improvised explosives.
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From page 133... ...
Since millimeter wave technology is used to measure changes, it provides a complement to other technologies in its ability to image an area to see if a change has occurred, for example, to determine if a package has been left. REPRESENTATION OF ODOR INFORMATION IN THE OLFACTORY SYSTEM: FROM BIOLOGY TO AN ARTIFICIAL NOSE John Kauer Tufts University Through the use of olfactory coding and the development of an "artificial nose," real-world problems can be solved using neurobiological principles.
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From page 134... ...
Present detection technologies pose problems -- particularly in the form of false positives when using vapor tracers even with legitimate cargo such as fertilizer and new leather, for example. LAND MINE DETECTION AND IDENTIFICATION USING TERAHERTZ SPECTROSCOPY AND IMAGING Robert Osiander Johns Hopkins University Advanced Physics Laboratory Terahertz (THz)
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From page 135... ...
For a potential suicide bomber, nonlinear radar, which detects metal-metal friction through harmonic returns, is a possible means of detection. Terahertz imaging at 0.1- to 1.0-mm wavelengths can provide both visual identification of an explosive device and chemical imaging through the use of THz spectroscopy.
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From page 136... ...
STANDOFF EXPLOSIVES DETECTION Lou Wasserzug Technical Support Working Group (TSWG) For standoff detection to be effective at protecting personnel and valuable assets, standoff must be defined as a minimum of 30 to 50 feet from an individual suicide bomber, and 500 to 1000 feet for a vehicle bomb.
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From page 137... ...
Nuisance alarms, caused by actual detection of explosives that are not of interest, such as spent munitions, must be taken into account when determining whether an actual threat exists. While the technology for explosives imaging may be more feasible than that for explosives spectroscopy, the fact that imaging requires human interpretation whereas spectroscopy can be automated must be considered.
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