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From page 369... ... See SALT I ABM Treaty Adelman, Kenneth, 165-66 Afghanistan, 19-20,22,25,31, 111, 163 Africa, 248 Air defense, 53, 54, 94-95, 97-98 triad of strategic forces, 5, 13, 14, 27-28, 69,77 See also Ballistic missile defense systems; SALT I ABM Treaty Air-launched cruise missiles (ALCMs) , 14,36, 69-71, 98 SALT II, 31, 34,40-41,44 START proposals, 60, 62-64, 66, 67,75 Air-to-surface ballistic missiles (ASBMs) Read the entire page →
From page 370... ... See also Comprehensive test ban; Nuclear test bans Barnwell reprocessing plant, 230,237 Baruch Plan, 233 Bear aircraft, 51, 70,75, 103 Belgium, 134 INDEX Biological Weapons Convention of 1972,56,57 Bison aircraft, 51,70, 75, 103 Blackjack bomber, 68 Blinder aircraft, 116 Bomber force, 14,27-28, 36 air defense systems, 94, 95, 97-98 SALT I Interim Agreement, 33 SALTII,30, 33, 47, 51 START proposals, 60, 62-64, 66, 67, 74-76 See also specific aircraft Brazil, 235, 236, 244, 247, 248, 260, 262,266,269-70 Brezhnev, Leonid and INF negotiations, 112-15 nuclear freeze proposals, 60, 84, 105, 111 and PNE Treaty, 198 and SALT I, 29, 136, 143, 144 and SALT II, 16,25, 30, 31, 35,41 and START, 60,78 Britain, 134 and non-proliferation, 101, 246, 247,261 nuclear capability, 16,126, 129, 132,233 test ban negotiations, 99, 187, 189, 191, 192, 195,200,201 Brown, George,-169 Buccaneer aircraft, 126 Bulganin, Nikolai, 81 Build-down proposal, 60-65, 73-74, 76,78,86 Bush, George, 117 C "Call to Halt the Nuclear Arms Race" (Forsberg) , 82,88, 93, 94 Canada, 235, 257, 258, 260 Carter administration 14, 112 ASAT arms control, 160-63 CTB negotiations, 187, 199-202 non-proliferation policy, 230, 235,240 SALT II, 18,20,25, 31,32, 35,52, 111, 158 Central America, 247 Read the entire page →
From page 371... ... on ASAT arms control, 166, 168-70 build-down resolution, 61, 63, 86 Limited Test Ban Treaty, 195 nuclear freeze resolutions, 61-62, 83-90 SALT I treaties, 22, 29-30, 144 SALT II, 20, 22, 25, 31-32 Conte, Silvio, 83 Convention on the Physical Protection of Nuclear Material, 251 371 Counterforce doctrine, 14, 92 Countervailing strategy, 14 Crisis stability, 4-10, 156, 182 Cruise missiles, 68,72, 91 SALT II, 33, 35,36,44 START proposals, 60, 63, 67,75,76, 78 See also Air-launched cruise missiles; Ground-launched cruise . Read the entire page →
From page 372... ... SALT II, 39,42,43,49,51-52 single-warhead missiles, 61, 73-77 Soviet capability, 65, 68,72, 74-75, 90-91 START proposals, 59-60, 62-67, 72-79 U.S. component, 65,75, 77 See also MX missiles Intermediate-range nuclear force Read the entire page →
From page 373... ... , 164 Laser isotope separation, 231 Latin American initiative (Treaty of Tlatelolco) , 225, 234, 246-48, 270 Launch-on-warning doctrine, 72, 92 Libya, 241, 265, 270-71 Limited Test Ban Treaty, 158, 159, 161,187, 194-96,234,249, 335-38 Linkage issue, 19-20, 59 M-20 missiles, 126 MacMahon Act of 1946,233 Macmillan, Harold, 190,194 McNamara, Robert, 138,139 Mark 12A warhead, 69 Markey, Edward, 83 Middle East, 248 Midgetman missiles, 61, 74, 76-78,91 Military expenditures, 6,68,70-71 Minuteman missiles, 36,40,43,57, 69,71 Minuteman silos, 37, 54, 57, 69, 76 Mirage aircraft, 126 Mirage IV aircraft, 122 Modernization of forces,5,13-15,2728,36,61,69-72 and comprehensive test ban, 208-10,214-15 freeze prohibition, 88, 96-97 and SALT II, 36-37, 48-49, 51-52 and START proposals, 76-78 Strategic Defense Initiative, 144-47,149-58,209 Read the entire page →
From page 374... ... , 18 ASAT arms control, 172, 178 comprehensive test ban, 200 Limited Test Ban Treaty, 195 nuclear freeze, 99-101, 104 SALT I ABM Treaty, 143, 148 SALT I Interim Agreement, 29 SALT II Treaty, 34,44,46 START negotiations, 79-80 Negotiating process, 20-22 Netherlands, 134 Neutron bomb, 112, 113 Nicaragua, 247 Nigeria, 248 Nike-X ABM system, 137-39 Nike-Zeus ABM system, 137, 160 Nitze, Paul, 115-17, 120 Nixon administration, 14 SALT agreements, 24-25, 27,29, 44, 136, 140-44 Threshold Test Ban, 187, 196-97 Non-proliferation. See Nuclear nonproliferation Non-Proliferation Treaty. Read the entire page →
From page 375... ... Treaty, 187, 198-99,203-4,249, 345-62 Perimeter acquisition radar (PAR) , 141 Pershing I missiles, 121 Pershing 1A missiles, 110, 124, 126, 128 Pershing II missiles, 91 European deployment, 57, 72,107, 110,123-127 INF negotiations, 16, 111, 113, 115, 118, 119, 121, 122, 127, 128, 131, 133 Physical security, 235,250-51 Plutonium, 228-31, 254, 264 Poland, 59 Polaris A1 missiles, 206-7 Polaris missiles, 126 Poseidon C-3 missiles, 71 Poseidon missiles, 36, 70 Poseidon submarines, 69,72, 109 Presidential Directive, 162-63 President's Science Advisory Committee, 188 Pressler, Larry, 168 Project Plowshare, 194,213 Project Vela, 189 R Radar Ocean Reconnaissance Satellite (RORSAT) Read the entire page →
From page 376... ... , 34, 209. See also Multiple independently targetable reentry vehicles Repair and replacement build-down, 60-65, 73-74, 76, 78,86 freeze provisions, 88, 93-94 SALT I, 33 Research and development programs, 90 Restructuring of nuclear forces, 8-9 Romania, 113 Rostow, Eugene, 117,202 S S-2 missiles, 126 S-3 missiles, 126 SA-5 air defense systems, 53, 54 Safeguard ABM system, 137, 140-44 Safeguards, 100-101,225,235, 251-65 SAINT anti-satellite program, 160 SALT I ABM Protocol, 144,233-34 SALT I ABM Treaty, 2, 10, 13,21 and ASAT systems, 184-85 background, 24-29, 136, 143-44 compliance record, 18,52-55,57, 158 provisions, 7, 148-49 Senate ratification, 22, 144 space-related provisions, 159, 161 and Strategic Defense Initiative 145, 147, 149-58 INDEX text, 323-34 verification, 17-18, 143, 148 SALT I Interim Agreement, 14, 16, 136,143 background, 24-30 compliance record, 18,52-55,57 provisions, 32-33, 109 Senate ratification, 22, 29-30 text, 279-87 veriBlcation,29 SALT II Joint Statement of Principles,31,33,35,319-20 SALT II Protocol, 31, 33,35,314-15 SALTIITreaty,2, 16,20,21 background, 30-32 compliance record, 18-19, 32, 55-57 non-ratification of, 20, 22, 25, 31-32 provisions, 6, 8,25, 33-35 and strategic parity issue, 14, 35-44 text, 289-321 verification, 17-18, 34-35,44-52 Satellite reconnaissance, 17-18, 26, 179-81,220 See also National Technical Means Satellites. Read the entire page →
From page 377... ... , 2, 21, 58-80 background, 58-59 INF integration with, 135 initial proposals, 59-65 Soviet position, 67 U.S. position, 7, 8, 65-66 and U.S.-Soviet strategic relationship, 15,67-79 verification, 17,79-80 Strategic Defense Initiative, 15, 144-47, 149-58, 165, 185,209 Strategic relationship ASAT capabilities, 159, 161, 163 and comprehensive test ban, 204-15 counterforce doctrine, 14, 92 countervailing strategy, 14 deterrence, 3, 13-14,26,27, 175-76, 182 essential equivalence, 14,27 European nuclear balance, 123-27 and freeze proposals, 90-99 mutual assured destruction, 13, 138,144, 154 overview, 11-15,25-28 and SALT II, 35-44 and START proposals, 67-79 "sufficiency" policy, 14,27, 140 Submarine-launched ballistic missile (SLBM) Read the entire page →
From page 378... ... See CompreINDEX hensive test ban; Nuclear test bans Union of Concerned Scientists, 165 United Kingdom. See Britain United Nations General Assembly, 87,106, 164, 193 Uranium, 228-31, 253-55 V Vance, Cyrus, 199 Verification, 17-18,26 ~ ASAT arms control, 172-74, 17678, 182-84 identification of nuclear explosions, 188,215-16 INF negotiations, 133 laser isotope separation plants, 231 Limited Test Ban Treaty, 195 nuclear freeze, 99-104 peaceful nuclear explosions, 198, 203-4 safeguards, 100-101,225,235, 251-65 SALT I ABM Treaty, 143, 148 SALT I Interim Agreement, 29 SALT II Treaty, 34-35,44-52 START negotiations, 79-80 Threshold Test Ban, 203-4 Treaty of Tlatelolco, 247 underground nuclear explosions, 189-94, 197-201,205,215-22 Vulcan aircraft, 126 "Walk in the park" proposal, 120-21 "Walk in the woods" formula, 115-16 Warner, John, 83 Weapons laboratories, 195,214-15 Weinberger, Caspar, 84, 145 West Germany, 113, 120, 134 and non-proliferation, 232, 235, 240n, 255, 260, 272 X X-ray lasers, 209 z Zero-option proposal, 113, 114 Read the entire page →

From page 369...

... See SALT I ABM Treaty Adelman, Kenneth, 165-66 Afghanistan, 19-20,22,25,31, 111, 163 Africa, 248 Air defense, 53, 54, 94-95, 97-98 triad of strategic forces, 5, 13, 14, 27-28, 69,77 See also Ballistic missile defense systems; SALT I ABM Treaty Air-launched cruise missiles (ALCMs) , 14,36, 69-71, 98 SALT II, 31, 34,40-41,44 START proposals, 60, 62-64, 66, 67,75 Air-to-surface ballistic missiles (ASBMs)

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From page 370...

... See also Comprehensive test ban; Nuclear test bans Barnwell reprocessing plant, 230,237 Baruch Plan, 233 Bear aircraft, 51, 70,75, 103 Belgium, 134 INDEX Biological Weapons Convention of 1972,56,57 Bison aircraft, 51,70, 75, 103 Blackjack bomber, 68 Blinder aircraft, 116 Bomber force, 14,27-28, 36 air defense systems, 94, 95, 97-98 SALT I Interim Agreement, 33 SALTII,30, 33, 47, 51 START proposals, 60, 62-64, 66, 67, 74-76 See also specific aircraft Brazil, 235, 236, 244, 247, 248, 260, 262,266,269-70 Brezhnev, Leonid and INF negotiations, 112-15 nuclear freeze proposals, 60, 84, 105, 111 and PNE Treaty, 198 and SALT I, 29, 136, 143, 144 and SALT II, 16,25, 30, 31, 35,41 and START, 60,78 Britain, 134 and non-proliferation, 101, 246, 247,261 nuclear capability, 16,126, 129, 132,233 test ban negotiations, 99, 187, 189, 191, 192, 195,200,201 Brown, George,-169 Buccaneer aircraft, 126 Bulganin, Nikolai, 81 Build-down proposal, 60-65, 73-74, 76,78,86 Bush, George, 117 C "Call to Halt the Nuclear Arms Race" (Forsberg) , 82,88, 93, 94 Canada, 235, 257, 258, 260 Carter administration 14, 112 ASAT arms control, 160-63 CTB negotiations, 187, 199-202 non-proliferation policy, 230, 235,240 SALT II, 18,20,25, 31,32, 35,52, 111, 158 Central America, 247

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From page 371...

... on ASAT arms control, 166, 168-70 build-down resolution, 61, 63, 86 Limited Test Ban Treaty, 195 nuclear freeze resolutions, 61-62, 83-90 SALT I treaties, 22, 29-30, 144 SALT II, 20, 22, 25, 31-32 Conte, Silvio, 83 Convention on the Physical Protection of Nuclear Material, 251 371 Counterforce doctrine, 14, 92 Countervailing strategy, 14 Crisis stability, 4-10, 156, 182 Cruise missiles, 68,72, 91 SALT II, 33, 35,36,44 START proposals, 60, 63, 67,75,76, 78 See also Air-launched cruise missiles; Ground-launched cruise .

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From page 372...

... SALT II, 39,42,43,49,51-52 single-warhead missiles, 61, 73-77 Soviet capability, 65, 68,72, 74-75, 90-91 START proposals, 59-60, 62-67, 72-79 U.S. component, 65,75, 77 See also MX missiles Intermediate-range nuclear force

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From page 373...

... , 164 Laser isotope separation, 231 Latin American initiative (Treaty of Tlatelolco) , 225, 234, 246-48, 270 Launch-on-warning doctrine, 72, 92 Libya, 241, 265, 270-71 Limited Test Ban Treaty, 158, 159, 161,187, 194-96,234,249, 335-38 Linkage issue, 19-20, 59 M-20 missiles, 126 MacMahon Act of 1946,233 Macmillan, Harold, 190,194 McNamara, Robert, 138,139 Mark 12A warhead, 69 Markey, Edward, 83 Middle East, 248 Midgetman missiles, 61, 74, 76-78,91 Military expenditures, 6,68,70-71 Minuteman missiles, 36,40,43,57, 69,71 Minuteman silos, 37, 54, 57, 69, 76 Mirage aircraft, 126 Mirage IV aircraft, 122 Modernization of forces,5,13-15,2728,36,61,69-72 and comprehensive test ban, 208-10,214-15 freeze prohibition, 88, 96-97 and SALT II, 36-37, 48-49, 51-52 and START proposals, 76-78 Strategic Defense Initiative, 144-47,149-58,209

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From page 374...

... , 18 ASAT arms control, 172, 178 comprehensive test ban, 200 Limited Test Ban Treaty, 195 nuclear freeze, 99-101, 104 SALT I ABM Treaty, 143, 148 SALT I Interim Agreement, 29 SALT II Treaty, 34,44,46 START negotiations, 79-80 Negotiating process, 20-22 Netherlands, 134 Neutron bomb, 112, 113 Nicaragua, 247 Nigeria, 248 Nike-X ABM system, 137-39 Nike-Zeus ABM system, 137, 160 Nitze, Paul, 115-17, 120 Nixon administration, 14 SALT agreements, 24-25, 27,29, 44, 136, 140-44 Threshold Test Ban, 187, 196-97 Non-proliferation. See Nuclear nonproliferation Non-Proliferation Treaty.

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From page 375...

... Treaty, 187, 198-99,203-4,249, 345-62 Perimeter acquisition radar (PAR) , 141 Pershing I missiles, 121 Pershing 1A missiles, 110, 124, 126, 128 Pershing II missiles, 91 European deployment, 57, 72,107, 110,123-127 INF negotiations, 16, 111, 113, 115, 118, 119, 121, 122, 127, 128, 131, 133 Physical security, 235,250-51 Plutonium, 228-31, 254, 264 Poland, 59 Polaris A1 missiles, 206-7 Polaris missiles, 126 Poseidon C-3 missiles, 71 Poseidon missiles, 36, 70 Poseidon submarines, 69,72, 109 Presidential Directive, 162-63 President's Science Advisory Committee, 188 Pressler, Larry, 168 Project Plowshare, 194,213 Project Vela, 189 R Radar Ocean Reconnaissance Satellite (RORSAT)

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From page 376...

... , 34, 209. See also Multiple independently targetable reentry vehicles Repair and replacement build-down, 60-65, 73-74, 76, 78,86 freeze provisions, 88, 93-94 SALT I, 33 Research and development programs, 90 Restructuring of nuclear forces, 8-9 Romania, 113 Rostow, Eugene, 117,202 S S-2 missiles, 126 S-3 missiles, 126 SA-5 air defense systems, 53, 54 Safeguard ABM system, 137, 140-44 Safeguards, 100-101,225,235, 251-65 SAINT anti-satellite program, 160 SALT I ABM Protocol, 144,233-34 SALT I ABM Treaty, 2, 10, 13,21 and ASAT systems, 184-85 background, 24-29, 136, 143-44 compliance record, 18,52-55,57, 158 provisions, 7, 148-49 Senate ratification, 22, 144 space-related provisions, 159, 161 and Strategic Defense Initiative 145, 147, 149-58 INDEX text, 323-34 verification, 17-18, 143, 148 SALT I Interim Agreement, 14, 16, 136,143 background, 24-30 compliance record, 18,52-55,57 provisions, 32-33, 109 Senate ratification, 22, 29-30 text, 279-87 veriBlcation,29 SALT II Joint Statement of Principles,31,33,35,319-20 SALT II Protocol, 31, 33,35,314-15 SALTIITreaty,2, 16,20,21 background, 30-32 compliance record, 18-19, 32, 55-57 non-ratification of, 20, 22, 25, 31-32 provisions, 6, 8,25, 33-35 and strategic parity issue, 14, 35-44 text, 289-321 verification, 17-18, 34-35,44-52 Satellite reconnaissance, 17-18, 26, 179-81,220 See also National Technical Means Satellites.

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From page 377...

... , 2, 21, 58-80 background, 58-59 INF integration with, 135 initial proposals, 59-65 Soviet position, 67 U.S. position, 7, 8, 65-66 and U.S.-Soviet strategic relationship, 15,67-79 verification, 17,79-80 Strategic Defense Initiative, 15, 144-47, 149-58, 165, 185,209 Strategic relationship ASAT capabilities, 159, 161, 163 and comprehensive test ban, 204-15 counterforce doctrine, 14, 92 countervailing strategy, 14 deterrence, 3, 13-14,26,27, 175-76, 182 essential equivalence, 14,27 European nuclear balance, 123-27 and freeze proposals, 90-99 mutual assured destruction, 13, 138,144, 154 overview, 11-15,25-28 and SALT II, 35-44 and START proposals, 67-79 "sufficiency" policy, 14,27, 140 Submarine-launched ballistic missile (SLBM)

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From page 378...

... See CompreINDEX hensive test ban; Nuclear test bans Union of Concerned Scientists, 165 United Kingdom. See Britain United Nations General Assembly, 87,106, 164, 193 Uranium, 228-31, 253-55 V Vance, Cyrus, 199 Verification, 17-18,26 ~ ASAT arms control, 172-74, 17678, 182-84 identification of nuclear explosions, 188,215-16 INF negotiations, 133 laser isotope separation plants, 231 Limited Test Ban Treaty, 195 nuclear freeze, 99-104 peaceful nuclear explosions, 198, 203-4 safeguards, 100-101,225,235, 251-65 SALT I ABM Treaty, 143, 148 SALT I Interim Agreement, 29 SALT II Treaty, 34-35,44-52 START negotiations, 79-80 Threshold Test Ban, 203-4 Treaty of Tlatelolco, 247 underground nuclear explosions, 189-94, 197-201,205,215-22 Vulcan aircraft, 126 "Walk in the park" proposal, 120-21 "Walk in the woods" formula, 115-16 Warner, John, 83 Weapons laboratories, 195,214-15 Weinberger, Caspar, 84, 145 West Germany, 113, 120, 134 and non-proliferation, 232, 235, 240n, 255, 260, 272 X X-ray lasers, 209 z Zero-option proposal, 113, 114

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Index Pages 369-378

Index
Pages 369-378