Globalization of Technology International Perspectives (1988) / Chapter Skim
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Driving Technologies
Driving Technologies
Pages 37-44
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From page 37... ...
In our research and technology planning, it has often been difficult to partition the researchor especially the projected technological and business systems into a software sector and a hardware sector. Indeed, some of our greatest technological successes were a consequence of taking the largest overall systems viewpoint: the recognition that the real systems issues were those of the supersystem, which integrates software and hardware so intimately as to obscure hypothetical boundaries between the software system and the hardware system.
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From page 38... ...
Furthermore, I believe that complete separation of software considerations from hardware considerations can be done only at severe peril to the effective function and efficient performance of the overall supersystem, hardware plus software. Consistent with this view, my list of the key technological advances contributing to effective software technology begins with the components and architecture of the hardware systems used for software development.
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From page 39... ...
The software development process is extremely diverse throughout industry, and many of our concerns about its cost and low efficiency relate to that diversity. There are many languages and development environments in use-a plurality that fosters creativity and facilitates revolutionary or innovative approaches, but at the cost of low efficiency and low schedule predictability.
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From page 40... ...
Considerable software effort is required to make the display screen appear to the knowledge worker just as the page printout will look from the higher resolution laser printer.
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From page 41... ...
Why are they often limited to special applications for extended periods? The third question, of course, is, How can new materials really change industry and society when they finally reach the broad applications stage?
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From page 42... ...
In fact, in this case, optical fiber has become an industrial product in an astonishingly short time. Whereas materials technologies once developed independently, they now develop through continuous interaction between basic science and materials research, and this trend will continue.
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From page 43... ...
When it was discovered that these properties held true only for very low current levels and at very low temperatures, enthusiasm died out. Solving the problem of the temperature and current constraints on superconductivity became a matter for pure science research.
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From page 44... ...
Thus, "high-temperature" superconducting materials are much easier to use than those cooled with liquid helium, mostly because they can be cooled with liquid nitrogen, which is a much better coolant with a much higher heat of evaporation. However, enormous developments are required before these superconductors can be used for massive applications.
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