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Damp Indoor Spaces and Health (2004) / Chapter Skim
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Pages 343-356

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From page 343...
... , 273 microorganisms, 101 ventilation standard, 297 Airborne bacteria, concentrations in indoor American Thoracic Society, 320n air, 111 Analytic bias, 22–23 Airborne fungal concentrations in confounding bias, 22 residences, in relation to building information bias, 22 dampness characteristics, 60–65 response bias, 23 Airflow obstruction, 211–212 reverse causality bias, 22 Allergens, isolated from fungi, 67. See also selection bias, 22 specific allergenic fungi Animals and animal cells Allergens of microbial origin, 67–68 experiments on mucous membrane Allergic fungal rhinosinusitis (AFS)
From page 344...
... See Bronchoalveolar lavage fluid 155, 217 Barriers Assessment of epidemiologic evidence, 23–25 to the adoption of dampness Assessment of microorganisms, 101–103 prevention and reduction measures, culture-based methods, 101–102 313–314 exposure, 101–103 to prevention, 52–54 nonculture methods, 102–103 Beck Depression Inventory, 247 Assessment of public health approaches to BHR. See Bronchial hyperresponsiveness damp indoor environments, 315– Bioaerosols: Assessment and Control, 317 274 Association.
From page 345...
... , 272 Commercial buildings, in the United States, Cancers, 250–251 1 Candida, 134, 216 Committee on Curriculum Development in C albicans, 148, 156, 194 Environmental Medicine, 325 Capillary electrophoresis, 104 Comparison, of seven mold-remediation Carcinogenesis, 166–170 guidance documents, 276–285 Carcinogenic effects, of mycotoxins, 167– Components of microbial agents, 65–72 168 allergens of microbial origin, 67–68 Categories of association/evidence, 8, 26–27 gaps in building microbiology science, inadequate or insufficient evidence to 71 determine whether an association microbial volatile organic compounds, exists, 8–11, 27 69 limited or suggestive evidence of an spores and cells of bacteria, 67 association, 8–11, 27 spores and fragments of fungi, 66 sufficient evidence of a causal structural components of fungi and relationship, 8–11, 26 bacteria, 68–69 sufficient evidence of an association, toxic products of microbial secondary 8–11, 26 metabolism, 69–71 CDC.
From page 346...
... See California Verbal Learning Test oriented, 321–323 Dermal toxicity, 166 Development of asthma, 226–231 D in Clearing the Air, 227 and exposure to damp indoor Damp buildings, 4–5, 29–89 environment, 228–229 dampness-related problems not DMSO, 133 associated with biologic sources, Dose, 94 73–74 defined, 94 duration, 51 effective, 94 findings, 76–77 internal, 94 location, 50–51 Drechslera, 57 microorganisms occurring in indoor Duration, of dampness in buildings, 51 spaces and on building materials, Dyspnea, and exposure to damp indoor 56–73 environments, 208, 209 moisture definitions, 30–31 moisture dynamics and how buildings get wet, 32–44 E from moisture to microbial growth, 54–56 Economic and other incentives, in public prevalence, 44–49 health approaches to damp indoor recommendations, 77 environments, 319–320 research needs, 77–78 Eczema, 245 risk factors for moisture problems, 51– Education, regarding public health 54 approaches to damp indoor severity, 49–50 environments, 324–326 Damp indoor environments Effective dose, 94 asthma development and exposure to, Electromagnetic fields (EMFs) , 289 228–229 Eliminating moisture sources, and drying cough and exposure to, 195–199 the materials, 297–298 dyspnea and exposure to, 209
From page 347...
... See Forced expiratory volume relationship) , 24 Findings about dampness in buildings, 76–77 biologic plausibility and coherence, 24 consistency of association, 24 about exposure assessment, 115–116 strength of association, 23–24 regarding prevention and remediation of damp indoor environments, temporally correct association, 24 Evaluation of the epidemiologic evidence, 304–305 21–25 regarding public health response, 327– 328 conclusions regarding epidemiologic evidence, 26–27 regarding the toxic effects of fungi and considerations in assessing the strength bacteria, 170–171 First National Environmental Health Survey of epidemiologic evidence, 23–25 methodologic considerations, 21–23 of Child Care Centers, 316
From page 348...
... Forced vital capacity (FVC) , 211n See also Human health effects Fungal contamination, ascertaining extent associated with damp indoor and location of, 288–292 environments Fungal Contamination in Buildings: A cancers, 250–251 Guide to Recognition and fatigue, 245–246 Management, 274 gastrointestinal tract, 245 Fungal genera, found in infested building nausea and related symptoms and materials, 64 exposure to damp indoor Fungi environments, 246 associated with dampness or mold neuropsychiatric symptoms, 247–250 growth in buildings, 65 reproductive effects, 251 on building materials, 59–65 rheumatologic and other immune concentrations in the environment, diseases, 251–252 110 sick building syndrome, 250 in outdoor and indoor air, 56–59 skin, 243–245 Fusarium, 57, 71, 131, 164, 235 Healthy Homes Initiative, 323–324, 326 FVC.
From page 349...
... See Limulus amebocyte lysate Leptosphaeria, 57 110 biomarkers, 109 Light, 55n dampness definitions and associated Limited or suggestive evidence of an association definition, 27 environmental assessments, 4, 106– 108 Limiting conditions, for fungal growth on predictive exposure models, 109–110 building materials, 335 Limiting moisture sources, and drying the signs and measurements of dampness, moisture, or mold, 104–109 materials, 297–298
From page 350...
... See Moisture content Moisture meters, 289 Memnoniella echinata, 128, 146–147, 149 Mold and moisture control activities at Methodologic considerations, 21–23 HUD, 333 analytic bias, 22–23 Mold-remediation guidance documents, confounding, 23 comparison of, 276–285 uncertainty and confidence, 21–22 Mold Remediation in Schools and Microbial agents, components of, 65–72 Commercial Buildings, 274 Microbial growth indoors, determinants of, Monitoring, of public health approaches to 55–56 damp indoor environments, 315– Microbial volatile organic compounds 317 (MVOCs) , 5, 66, 69, 90, 165 Morbidity and Mortality Weekly Report, Microbiology science, gaps in building, 71 233 Micrococcus, 59 Mucor plumbeus, 55 M
From page 351...
... materials, 73–74 Potential for water and moisture sources Occupants of buildings leading to excessive indoor collecting histories of, 287–288 dampness, 3 as sources of moisture, 41–42 Predictive exposure models, 109–110 Ochratoxin, 162–163 Prevalence, 44–49 ODTS. See Organic dust toxic syndrome of dampness in buildings, 44–49 Organic dust toxic syndrome (ODTS)
From page 352...
... , 31, 39–40, 51–52, modification of regulations, building 54–55, 72–74, 286, 294 codes, and building-related Remediation activities, 284–301, 334 contracts, 318 decontaminating or removing damaged public-health-oriented research and materials as appropriate, 298–299 demonstration, 321–323 eliminating or limiting moisture Public health response, 14–16, 311–332 sources and drying the materials, barriers to the adoption of dampness 297–298 prevention and reduction measures, establishing appropriate containment 313–314 and worker and occupant findings, 327–328 protection, 295–297 public health and housing, 312–313 evaluating whether the space has been public health approaches to damp successfully remediated, 299–300 indoor environments, 314–327 identifying the vulnerable population, recommendations, 328–329 extent of contamination, and research needs, 328–329 moisture dynamic, 287–295 Publication bias, 20–21 reassembling the space to prevent Published guidance for mold remediation, recurrence by controlling moisture 271–284 and nutrients, 301 comparison of seven mold-remediation taking emergency actions to stop water guidance documents, 276–285 intrusion if needed, 286 Pulmonary hemorrhage, 238–243 Repairing Your Flooded Home, 272 in infants, 146–149 Report of the Microbial Growth Task PVC. See Polyvinyl chloride materials Force, 274 Reported prevalence of signs of building dampness, 45–46 Reproductive effects, 251
From page 353...
... See Relative humidity concerning dampness in buildings, 77– Rheumatologic and other immune diseases, 78 251–252 in exposure assessment, 115–116 Rhinocladiella, 57 public-health-oriented, 321–323 Risk factors for moisture problems, 51–54 regarding human health effects barriers to prevention, 52–54 associated with damp indoor building characteristics, 51–52 environments, 254–255 Risk-relevant exposure metric, 91 regarding prevention and remediation Rough endoplasmic reticulum (RER) , 144 of damp indoor environments, 305–306 regarding public health response, 328– S 329 Saccharomyces, 57, 216 regarding the toxic effects of fungi and bacteria, 170–171 Salmonella, 154 Respiratory cells and tissues, 136–150 Sampling strategies, 94–101 personal vs area sampling, 97–98 animals and animal cells, 139–146 effects of indoor molds and bacteria, settled dust vs airborne measurements, 136–150 94–97 when, where, and how often to humans and human cells, 146–150 inflammatory and toxic responses to sample, 98–101 bacteria and fungi in mice, 137–138 San Diego Neuropsychological Test Battery, 247 pulmonary hemorrhage in infants, 146–149 SBS.
From page 354...
... viride, 127, 145, 153, 160, 162 Sufficient evidence Trichophyton, 216 of an association definition, 26 Trichosporon cutaneum, 232 of a causal relationship definition, 26 Trichothecene mycotoxins, 109, 131, 147, 155, 164 Trichothecenes, 163–164 T Tritirachium, 57 Tasks involved in remediation, 284–301 identifying the vulnerable population, U extent of contamination, and moisture dynamic, 287–295 Ulocladium consortiale, 55 planning remediation activities, 295– Ultraviolet germicidal irradiation (UVGI) , 44 301 Uncertainty, statistical characterization of, taking emergency actions to stop water 21–22 intrusion if needed, 286 Upper respiratory tract (URT)
From page 355...
... Toxic Mold Safety and Protection Act experimental methods to assess the of 2003, 317n pulmonary effects of fungi, 334 UVGI. See Ultraviolet germicidal irradiation history and measurement of "toxic mold," 334 investigation and remediation of damp V indoor spaces, 334 limiting conditions for fungal growth Vacuum cleaner, HEPA-filtered, 298 on building materials, 335 Vapor-emission tests, 295 mold and moisture control activities at VOCs.


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