A Vision for the International Polar Year 2007-2008 (2004) / Chapter Skim
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5 Technology to Enable Innovative Observations
5 Technology to Enable Innovative Observations
Pages 54-64
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From page 54... ...
can make a major contribution to science and society by using the 24-month window during 2007-2008 to intensively observe and explore the polar regions at greater spatial and temporal resolutions, by undertaking international data rescue efforts, and by setting in place an observation network to enable ongoing observations of the polar regions in the decades to come. Innovative technologies will be instrumental for analyzing the myriad observations collected during the IPY and for disseminating IPY research to the broader public.
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From page 55... ...
There is also a need to develop drilling systems to be used for stratigraphic drilling to obtain paleoclimate records in the marine nearshore environment, from both fast sea ice and ice shelf platforms. Innovative technologies will allow continuous wireline coring, better core recovery, recovery of strata to a depth of 1,000 meters below the seafloor, and recovery of soft sediments.
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From page 56... ...
on changes in the Earth's climate Observations (CALIPSO) CloudSAT "Slice" through clouds to see their vertical structure, providing vertical profiles of cloud liquid water and ice water contents and related cloud physical and radiative properties Landsat Data Continuity Extend the Landsat record of multispectral, 30-meter resolution, Mission (LDCM)
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From page 57... ...
The Healy, the newest icebreaker, is specifically designed to conduct research activities, providing more than 4,200 square feet of scientific laboratory space, numerous electronic sensor systems, oceanographic winches, and accommodations for up to 50 scientists. These vessels have sufficient hull strength to absorb high-powered rams into the ice.
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From page 58... ...
These vehicles travel slowly but are steadily powered by solar or wind energy and can accomplish a major traverse in a 100-day seasonal deployment. An international fleet of suitably designed rovers, each measuring useful variables relating to ice, snow, atmosphere, radiation, wildlife, chemistry, and so forth, hold extraordinary promise for collection of fundamental data across the most remote polar areas.
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From page 59... ...
The polar environment is an ideal proving ground for advancing these concepts, with tangible benefits from improving the relative proportion of valuable data that are collected to the more efficient use of available power. The next IPY offers the opportunity to realize permanent gains in this area by bringing together an international set of ideas and creative engineering approaches.
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From page 60... ...
was established in 1947, and its facilities were turned over to the Barrow Arctic Science Consortium in 1980. SOURCES: 1884 War Department Report prepared by expedition leader, P.H.
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From page 61... ...
In the American Arctic, for example, the former Naval Arctic Research Laboratory facility outside Barrow has offered researchers space and logistical support from renovated but formerly derelict Quonset hut buildings that were constructed in the 1940s (Norton, 2001)
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From page 62... ...
, likewise involves massive datasets and creates challenges for making the data easily interpretable and accessible to a broad range of users. Standardization of techniques for data gathering and analysis through bioinformatic methods will be necessary to allow the full potential of contemporary genomic science to contribute to polar biology.
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From page 63... ...
federal agencies, including the National Science Foundation, NASA, and the Energy and Defense Departments have supported the creation of the infrastructure, including the primary backbone linkages and the computation, visualization, and memory capabilities that have made today's scientific transformation possible. While high-speed broadband communication has begun to link scientists in most industrial nations, extension of high-speed broadband networks to stations in the polar regions remains limited.
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From page 64... ...
While these variations in climate are small by temperate standards, they have great ecological consequences here in the Dry Valleys." According to Lyons, the key climatic parameters influencing ecosystem structure and function in the McMurdo Dry Valleys are the ones that affect the physical state of water. Temperatures rise to a few degrees above freezing in late December and January, producing glacial melt water that, in turn, exerts the primary influence on the Dry Valleys by replenishing water and nutrients to ecosystems there.
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