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Saving Lives, Buying Time Economics of Malaria Drugs in an Age of Resistance (2004) / Chapter Skim
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Part 3: Advancing Toward Better Malaria Control10 Research and Development for New Antimalarial Drugs
Pages 299-311

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From page 299...
... PART 3 Advancing Toward Better Malaria Control
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From page 301...
... But more significantly, genuine progress has resulted from the creation of the Medicines for Malaria Venture (MMV, a public-private partnership devoted to malaria drug development) , the continued activities of the Walter Reed Army Institute of Research (WRAIR)
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From page 302...
... The market for innovative new drugs for neglected diseases is further depressed by poor regulatory infrastructure in many countries, and by competing counterfeit drugs. The net effect is that about 10 percent of global drug R&D resources is directed at diseases accounting for 90 percent of the global disease burden (Global Forum for Health Research, 2002)
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From page 303...
... . Early partners in these exploratory discussions were the Global Forum for Health Research, the Rockefeller Foundation, the World Bank, the Swiss Agency for Development and Cooperation, the Association of the British Pharmaceutical Industry, and the Wellcome Trust.
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From page 304...
... Donors include the Bill & Melinda Gates Foundation, Rockefeller Foundation, The Wellcome Trust, Swiss Government, U.K. Government, Dutch Government, World Bank via the Global Forum for Health Research, and Exxon Mobil (Table 10-1)
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From page 305...
... Army established a malaria research program to develop new prophylactic and therapeutic drugs for military use, coordinated through the Division of Experimental Therapeutics at the Walter Reed Army Institute of Research in Washington, D.C. The program was expected to maintain the expertise and laboratory capability to manage an experimental compound from the chemist's bench, through clinical trials, and on to approval by the Food and Drug Administration.
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From page 306...
... Co-developed, clinical trials WHO, Artecef (Injectable, limited use Approved in the because of potential Netherlands only neurotoxicity, discovered by WRAIR scientists in animal models) Doxycycline Phase II challenge and Pfizer, FDA clinical trials, FDA approval for prophylaxis Azithromycin Efficacy trials for prophylaxis NIAID, Pfizer Ongoing research on combinations Atovaquone-proguanil Dose-ranging studies GlaxoSmithKline (Malarone)
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From page 307...
... 20 10 0 1965 1967 1969 1971 1973 1975 1987 1989 1993 1995 1997 1999 2001 2003 Year FIGURE 10-1 WRAIR malaria drug program budget from 1965 to 2003 in US$ millions adjusted for inflation. Final drug development requires teaming with a commercial partner who contributes to financing in the late stages, before or at the time of clinical trials.
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From page 308...
... · Mefloquine-artesunate, a proven combination as a non-fixed treatment regimen, is being developed as a fixed-dose combination. A consortium involving the Drugs for Neglected Diseases Initiative (DNDi)
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From page 309...
... WRAIR has its own suite of new antimalarial drugs. Several families of compounds have progressed into preclinical development, including: · Pyrroloquinazolines: new analogs that show none of the toxicity common to the parent drug, and yet retain oral potency against highly resistant malaria in animal studies.
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From page 310...
... . The recently established European and Developing Countries Clinical Trials Partnership (whose funding goal over the next five years is 600 million Euros, including 200 million from the founding European Commission (European Union, 2004)
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From page 311...
... Background paper prepared for World Bank/IOM expert consultation on the procurement and financing of antimalarial drugs, September 15-16, 2003, Washington, DC. Veeken H, Pecoul B
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Key Terms

  • malaria drug
  • clinical trials
  • global forum
  • walter reed
  • reed army

  • army institute
  • pharmaceutical industry
  • neglected diseases
  • clinical studies
  • malaria venture

  • antimalarial drugs
  • health research
  • antimalarial drug
  • tropical diseases
  • resistant malaria

  • wrair malaria
  • wellcome trust
  • special programme
  • drug discovery
  • malaria research

  • diseases initiative
  • rockefeller foundation
  • enter clinical
  • gates foundation
  • rectal artesunate

  • drug class
  • infectious disease
  • malaria prophylactic
  • disease research
  • melinda gates


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