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From page 347... ... See Asian Collaborative 144 Training Network for Malaria Anopheles stephensi, 210, 212 Adangbe people, 209 Antifolate drugs, 253, 259�260, 291�292, Adaptable Program Loans and Credits. See 309 World Bank Antimalarial drugs Adults, malaria in, 154�155 affordability issues, 61�62 Afghanistan, 210, 232 availability, 42�45 Africa, malaria in, 24, 25, 168�177 cost and effectiveness, 61, 66�67 African Demographic Surveillance Systems counterfeit and poor quality, 317 (DSS) Read the entire page →
From page 348... ... See also Coartem wholesale prices, 63 malaria control, 214�215 Aristophanes, 125 toxicity of, 266�267, 268 Aristotle, 125 treatment of malaria, 254, 257 Aryl aminoalcohol compounds, 253 Artemisia annua, x, 6, 12, 62, 81 Asia, malaria in, 24�25 Artemisinin combination therapy (ACT) Asian Collaborative Training Network for affordability issues, 61�62 Malaria (ACTMalaria) Read the entire page →
From page 349... ... , 169, malaria control, 229 170, 172�173 microeconomic studies, 184 Burkina Faso, West Africa per capita health expenditures, 98 drug packaging, 316 pyronaridine, 294 genetic control, 212 tax revenues, 97 ITN use, 203�205 Canada, 105, 197 microeconomic studies, 187 Cape Verde, 98 per capita health expenditures, 98 Carbamates, 200, 201 productivity costs of morbidity, 188�189 Carbon taxes, 100 vaccines, 223 Caventou, Jean Biename, 130 tax revenues, 97 Cerebral malaria, 152�151 Burma Celli, Angelo, 129 ACT use, 213 Central African Republic, 98 chloroquine resistance, 276 Centralized procurement system, 9�10, 13 counterfeit drugs, 317 Ceylon, 130 drug packaging, 316 Chad, 98, 187, 229 malaria transmission, 263 Chalcones, 309 observations in pregnant women, 268 CHAZ. See Churches Health Association of RDTs, 222 Zambia Burundi, 96, 98, 235, 236 Chemoprevention, 212�219 Chemoprophylaxis children, 216�217 C obstacles to targeted -- , 217�218 pregnant women, 217, 302 Calabar Hospital, 177 recommendations for use, 50 Calcutta, India, 129 Read the entire page →
From page 350... ... See combination therapy Intermittent preventive therapy, Commission on Macroeconomics and children Health, 66, 75�77, 84 malaria in, 148�150 Common Market for Eastern and Southern mortality, 174, 176, 198, 203�204 Africa (COMESA) , 42 severe malaria, 154�155 Comoros, 98, 236 China Competition in retail drug market, 94 ACT as first-line therapy, 236 Congo, 97, 98, 103, 177, 187 artemisinin use, 133, 262, 266, 268 Conly, G.N., 185, 186 ITN programs, 203 Consciousness, impaired, 149, 150 major initiatives, 46 Convulsions, 150, 152 middle-income country, 101 Coordinated Informed Buying, 119 piperaquine, 294 Copenhagen, Denmark, 120, 224 Plasmodium vivax, 157 Cote d'Ivoire, 98 pyronaridine, 294 Cotrimoxazole, 291 R&D, 74, 307�308 CRHCS. Read the entire page →
From page 351... ... See African Demographic Surveillance Initiative Systems; Rufiji Demographic Doxycycline, 306 Surveillance Site Drug administration, mass, 213, 216 Duffy blood group antigen, 157 Drug classes, 253�254 Dutch East Indies, 130 pharmacodynamics, 258 pharmacokinetics, 254�255, 258 Drug financing, 43�45 E Drug flows, 34�35, 93 EANMAT. See East African Network for illegal, 41�42, 317 private sector, 40�41 Monitoring Antimalarial Treatments public sector, 35�39 Early treatment failures (ETF) Read the entire page →
From page 352... ... See Early treatment failures Ethiopia home treatment, 319 G malaria early warning systems, 233 microeconomic studies, 185 G6PD deficiency. See Glucose-6-phosphate migration, 232 dehydrogenase deficiency Gabon, 98, 219, 264 per capita health expenditures, 98 productivity costs of morbidity, 188�189 Gambia Tigray study, 191�194 ACT, evidence base, 264 aromatic smoke, 211 European and Developing Countries Clinical Trials Partnership, 310 chemoprophylaxis, 216, 217 European Commission, 47, 301 chloroquine resistance, 280 home treatment, 319 European Malaria Vaccine Initiative (EMVI) Read the entire page →
From page 353... ... , 133 bilateral donor, 105, 118, 234 Health burden of malaria, 168 cases, 169�172, 171 Country Coordinating Mechanisms, 104 endorsement of combination therapy, 5 death, 169, 170 funding source, 8, 75, 76, 77, 80, 101, drug resistance, 172 hospital-based studies, 176�177 102, 104 major initiatives, 46, 51�52 population-based studies, 175 Global subsidy, 6�8, 79�80 trends, 172�175 Health care facilities benefits of, 95�96 broad, 86, 88�89 conditions of, 33 case for, 80�81, 82�84 evidence, 176�177 Senegal, 36 centralized procurement system, 9�10, 13, 121 supply of antimalarials, 32 country-specific vs -- , 102�104 treatment of severe malaria, 254 Zambia, 44�45 difficulties, 84�86 funding, 8, 9, 75�76, 86, 88�89, 96�97, Health care spending, 96�97 98�102, 104�107, 169 Health education, 320 Health professionals, educating, 322 goals, 82, 86�87, 92�94, 95 level required, 109�110 Hemiplegia, 153 R&D, 74�75 Hemoglobin C, 147 Hemoglobin E, 147 rationale for, 107�109, 315 recommendations, 12�13 Hemoglobin S gene, 127 sources of, 110 Hempel, J., 179 Herodotus, 202 targeted, 86, 87, 90�91 types of, 88�91 Higher Impact Adjustment Lending, 103 Highly Indebted Poor Countries (HIPC) Read the entire page →
From page 354... ... , 56, 77, 220, 324 I.G. Farben, 131 Intellectual property issues, 117 Illegal drug flows, 41�42 Intermittent preventive therapy (IPT) Read the entire page →
From page 355... ... See Knock-down resistance Larvivorous fish, 211 Kenya Late clinical failures (LCF) , 279 ACT, evidence base, 264 Laveran, Charles Louis Alphonse, 127�128 Anopheles gambiae, 202 Ledger, Charles, 130 antimalarial drug resistance, 271 Lee, J.W., 120 azithromycin clinical trials, 310 Lesotho, 98 childhood mortality, 173 Liberia, 98 chloroquine-resistant P Read the entire page →
From page 356... ... , 47 Lincoln, Abraham, 126 Malarine, 38, 41, 43 Linnaeus, Carl, 130 Malarone, 65, 253, 294, 306 Liver schizont, 138 Malawi Living standards, 174, 182�183 antimalarial drug resistance, 270, 271 London School of Hygiene and Tropical chloroquine resistance, 132 Medicine, 130 drug policy, 235 Low Income Countries Under Stress HIV, malaria, and pregnancy, 157 Initiative (LICUS) , 103, 105 hospital-based evidence, 176�177 Lugo, Juan de, 130 household expenditures on prevention Lumefantrine, 62, 253, 255, 258, 294 and treatment, 184 Lusaka, Zambia, 40, 41, 44 indirect costs, 185 IPT, 218 migration, 232 M per capita health expenditures, 98 productivity costs of morbidity, 188�189 Macdonald, G., 144 total direct and indirect costs (of Macrolides, 309 malaria) Read the entire page →
From page 357... ... See Malaria, mortality rates mosquito netting, 202 Plasmodium malariae, 158 Mosquito Anopheles, 126, 128�129 New York, New York, 197 breeding, limiting of, 2, 11 New York University, 224 NGOs. See Nongovernmental organizations discovering stages of, 128�129 Mozambique Niakhar, Senegal, 175, 176 chloroquine resistance, 280 Nicaragua, 216 Niger, 96, 98 IPTi trials, 219 malaria control, 214�215 Nigeria migration, 232 Abuja 50, 52, 76, 198, 317, 318 Calabar Hospital, 177 per capita health expenditures, 98 trade and foreign direct investment, 182 drug labeling and instructions, 318 vaccines, 224 drug resistance, 261 Garki, 207, 208 Read the entire page →
From page 358... ... , 131 OptiMAL dipstick, 222 Plasmodium berghei, 133 Organophosphates, 200, 201 Plasmodium falciparum Oxford University, 224 diagnostic testing, 41 Oylset, 206 drug resistance, 130, 198, 256, 273�275 fluorescent microscopy, 221 P Garki project, 208 human malaria, 136�140, 144�147 Packaging, drug, 315�316 MDA, 213 Pakistan, 186, 210, 231, 232 natural immunity, 225 Pan-African Malaria Conference, 48 RDTs, 221�222 Papua, New Guinea severe manifestations, 149 chloroquine resistance, 132, 276, 280 vaccines, 223, 226 malaria control, 209�210 Plasmodium malariae, 126, 128, 136�137, mosquito netting, 202 158�159 overcoming economic barriers to Plasmodium ovale, 132, 136�137, 140, treatment, 313 144, 159 Plasmodium malariae, 158 Plasmodium relictum, 129 Papua New Guinea Institute of Medical Plasmodium vivax Research, 224 chloroquine resistance, 275 Paraguay, microeconomic study in, 185, described, 157�158 186 discoveries, 128�131 Paralysis, 153 human malaria, 136, 144 ParaSight-F, 222 MDA, 216 Parasitemia, 205, 208 primaquine tolerance, 276 Pare-Taveta Malaria Scheme, 207 recurrent malaria, 140 PATH. See Program for Appropriate transmission of, 126 Technology in Health vaccines, 223 Read the entire page →
From page 359... ... , 224 Polymerase chain reaction (PCR) , 137, 146, Quinidine, 253, 256 279 Quinine Polypharmacy, 32, 65 absorption and elimination, 255 Population-based studies, 175 aryl aminoalcohol compounds, 253 Population movements and malaria, 231� described, 130�131, 291 232 severe malaria, 256 Poverty and malaria, 180 uncomplicated malaria, 254 Poverty Reduction Support Loans and Quinoline, 308 Credits, 102 PRA. Read the entire page →
From page 360... ... See Southern African Development KwaZulu Natal, 11, 14, 172, 207, 214� Cooperation Conference 215, 229, 236 SALs. See Structural Adjustment Loans malaria in, 24 Sao Tome & Principe, 98 Mpumalanga, South Africa, 235 School-based education, 323�324 pharmaceuticals from, 36 Schultz, L.J., 218 South East African Combination SEACAT. Read the entire page →
From page 361... ... , 102 traditional healers, 322 Subsidy. See Global subsidy health care expenditures, 98 Sudan health education messages, 320 chloroquine resistance, 132, 280 HIV and malaria, 156 malaria early warning systems, 233 hospital-based evidence, 177 migration, 232 IPT use, 219 per capita health expenditures, 98 Kilombero, 94 productivity costs of morbidity, 188�189 malaria early warning systems, 233 seasonal transmission, 146 Muheza, 132 Sulfadoxine-pyrimethamine (SP) Read the entire page →
From page 362... ... , 273 Fund Tiered pricing, 65 United Kingdom Tigray, Ethiopia, 191�194 bilateral donor, 105 Tobin taxes, 100 contributions to R&D, 304 Trade investment, 181�182 health care expenditures, 99 Traditional care, 31, 58 major initiatives, 46 Traditional healers, educating, 321�323 malaria, spread of, 126, 197 Trape, J.F., 175 United Nations Treatment, 27�28 agencies of, 105 antimalarial, aims of, 252�253 Children's Fund (UNICEF) , 104, 105, close-to-home, 318�319 112�115, 117, 120, 302�303, 323 decisions to seek -- , 30�33 Millennium Summit, 51 epidemics and, 233 Office of -- High Commissioner for government expenditures, 185 Refugees, 105 household expenditures, 184�185, 193 United States models, 67�74 Army Medical Research and self- -- , 30, 41, 59, 85�86, 315 Development Command, 132 severe malaria, 256�257 bilateral donor, 105 symptomatic cases, 213 Centers for Disease Control and uncomplicated malaria, 254 Prevention, 127 Trimethoprim, 253, 291 Department of Defense, 305 Tropical splenomegaly syndrome. Read the entire page →
From page 363... ... , 125 natural immunity, 225 Wellcome-Kenya Medical Research strategies, 225�226 Institute, 224 testing and use, 228�229 Wellcome Trust, 46, 48, 301, 303 trials, 228 R&D contributions, 304 Vanuatu, 203 West Africa Vector control, 209�212 Anopheles gambiae, 202, 212 Venezuela, 132 Burkina Faso, West Africa, 97, 98, 187, Verbal autopsy, 28, 57 188�189, 202, 203�205, 212, 223, Vestergaard nets, 206 316 Vical, 224 drug resistance, 172 Vietnam genetic expression of Duffy blood ACT as first-line therapy, 213, 236 antigen, 157 concerns about drug resistance, 74 Plasmodium malariae, 158 counterfeit drugs, 317 productivity costs of morbidity, 188�189 household living standards, 181, 182� West African Networks for Monitoring 183 Antimalarial Treatments (WANMAT ITN programs, 203 I and II) , 237 low-income country, 101 Wet agriculture and malaria, 126 neurotoxicity, 268 WHO. Read the entire page →
From page 364... ... falciparum, 132 ITN approval, 206 control methods, 229 major initiatives, 46, 174 drug financing, 44�45 Medicines for Malaria Venture initiative, drug pricing, 43, 44 47 economic and health indicators, 35 mefloquine development, 132 health care expenditures, 98 partnership with U.S. Agency for home treatment, 319 International Development, 20 illegal drug flows, 42 Pesticide Evaluation Scheme (WHOPES) Read the entire page →

From page 347...

... See Asian Collaborative 144 Training Network for Malaria Anopheles stephensi, 210, 212 Adangbe people, 209 Antifolate drugs, 253, 259�260, 291�292, Adaptable Program Loans and Credits. See 309 World Bank Antimalarial drugs Adults, malaria in, 154�155 affordability issues, 61�62 Afghanistan, 210, 232 availability, 42�45 Africa, malaria in, 24, 25, 168�177 cost and effectiveness, 61, 66�67 African Demographic Surveillance Systems counterfeit and poor quality, 317 (DSS)

Index Pages 347-364

Index
Pages 347-364