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Understanding Racial and Ethnic Differences in Health in Late Life A Research Agenda (2004) / Chapter Skim
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6 Social and Personal Resources
Pages 70-75

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From page 70...
... document, such social factors as greater social integration and social engagement, as well as such psychological characteristics as beliefs regarding one's personal mastery and efficacy, continue to be important in old age. SOCIAL RESOURCES The evidence about social resources is largely observational, though studies have been replicated, have involved careful controls for the potentially confounding influence of sociodemographic, health, and life-style factors, and have used longitudinal data, with resources assessed in advance of health outcomes.
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From page 71...
... . In contrast with the effects of church attendance, private religious activity and personal religiosity are not associated with better survival or reduced disability (Hummer et al., 1999; Idler and Kasl, 1997; Mendes de Leon and Glass, 2004)
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From page 72...
... The recently completed Enhancing Recovery in Coronary Heart Disease (ENRICHD) trial (a major intervention study designed to assist socially isolated or depressed myocardial infarction patients)
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From page 73...
... . Such exercise has potentially far-reaching health effects because regular physical activity reduces risks for many health outcomes, including heart disease and physical and cognitive impairment, as well as overall mortality.
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From page 74...
... As outlined by Mendes de Leon and Glass (2004) , available evidence does not point to large or systematic differences in social resources by race or ethnicity.
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From page 75...
... For instance, one's social network shrinks in old age, tending to focus increasingly on those who can satisfy emotional and physical needs (Mendes de Leon and Glass, 2004)
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Key Terms

  • psychological resources
  • health risks
  • blood pressure
  • lower mortality
  • social integration

  • social support
  • church attendance
  • myocardial infarction
  • coping styles
  • ethnic differences

  • predict lower
  • psychological characteristics
  • personal mastery
  • social relationships
  • lower blood

  • behavior change
  • social engagement
  • heart disease
  • regular physical
  • physical activity

  • social resources
  • intervention efforts
  • emotional support
  • psychological coping
  • attend church

  • community studies
  • confounder variables
  • environment constrains
  • broad environment
  • white elderly


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