Understanding Racial and Ethnic Differences in Health in Late Life A Research Agenda (2004) / Chapter Skim
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7 Prejudice and Discrimination
7 Prejudice and Discrimination
Pages 76-81
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From page 76... ...
. For our purposes, we use these terms somewhat interchangeably as indicating negative attitudes toward or biased treatment of one group by another (Williams et al., 2003)
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From page 77... ...
, a possibility we examine in Chapter 10. Third, the experience of specific incidents of unfair treatment on the basis of race or ethnicity may generate psychic distress and other changes in physiological processes that adversely affect health (Clark, 2004; Clark et al., 1999; Landrine and Klonoff, 1996; McNeilly et al., 1996)
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From page 78... ...
The majority of the studies find that the self-reported experience of discrimination has an unfavorable effect, producing psychological distress, reduced psychological well-being, lowered self-esteem, impaired mental health, and even definable psychiatric disorders. These correlational studies have also commonly examined self-reported overall health.
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From page 79... ...
NEEDED RESEARCH These correlational and experimental studies suggest that the subjective experience of bias and unequal treatment could affect particular health outcomes. However, the evidence is uneven and inconclusive, as almost every individual study has substantial inadequacies.
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From page 80... ...
. The effects of discrimination on the experience of stress and health outcomes may involve lags and host resistance factors and may change over the life course, influenced by personality and other life experiences, such as resource acquisition, exposure, and support processes.
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From page 81... ...
Yet indicators for the health of older adults in these groups are more favorable than indicators for blacks -- and indicators actually deteriorate for immigrants as they assimilate and prejudice presumably declines. Does prejudice have effects on health in these groups, but are the effects counterbalanced by other factors, such as immigrant selectivity or better socioeconomic status?
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