Proposed Criteria for Selecting the WIC Food Packages A Preliminary Report of the Committee to Review the WIC Food Packages (2004) / Chapter Skim
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5 Nutrition-Related Health Risks and Outcomes of WIC-Eligible Populations
5 Nutrition-Related Health Risks and Outcomes of WIC-Eligible Populations
Pages 65-74
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From page 65... ...
. Maternal weight status before, during, and after pregnancy has implications for reproductive health and infant outcomes, as well as chronic disease risk in the near- and longterm as described in previous reports from the Institute of Medicine (NRC, 1989a; IOM, 1990)
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From page 66... ...
. Laboratory data from NHANES 1999-2000 indicates that the prevalence of iron deficiency3 was nine percent among adolescent females aged 12 through 15 years; 16 percent among adolescent females aged 16 through 19 years; and 12 percent among adult females aged 20 1Laboratory tests used to define iron deficiency are serum ferritin, erythrocyte protoporphyrin, and transferrin saturation.
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From page 67... ...
5 Laboratory tests used to define iron deficiency were transferrin saturation, free erythrocyte protoporphyrin levels, and serum ferritin levels. Individuals, ages 2 to 16 years of age for the complete dataset, were considered iron-deficient if two of the laboratory values were abnormal for age and gender.
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From page 68... ...
The latest March of Dimes Gallop Poll indicates that only 30 percent of women of childbearing age report taking a multivitamin containing folate on a regular basis and this percentage has not changed in the past few years despite public health messages (March of Dimes Birth Defects Foundation, 2003)
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From page 69... ...
may be both most vulnerable to undernutrition and most vulnerable to significant impacts when undernutrition does occur. In order to promote a healthy body weight for each infant and child, the overall energy balance between basal needs, growth, physical activity, and food energy intake must be considered in prescribing an appropriate food package.
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From page 70... ...
. 12Laboratory tests used to define iron-deficiency were abnormal values for at least two of the following three indicators: serum ferritin, transferrin saturation, and free erythrocyte protoporphyrin.
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From page 71... ...
. Women breastfeeding more than 30 months over their lifetime, and those with higher dietary calcium intake had lower lead concentrations in their blood compared to women who breastfed for shorter cumulative duration and with lower calcium intakes (Hertz-Picciotto et al., 2000)
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From page 72... ...
include increased awareness of exposure during early life and efforts to decrease the DLC exposure and lifetime accumulation in girls and young women. It has been proposed that a population-wide reduction in total lifetime body burden could be attained through reductions in the consumption of animal fat during both the pre-reproductive and reproductive life of girls and women (ten Tusscher and Koppe, 2004)
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From page 73... ...
TABLE 5-1 Summary of Health Concerns from Analysis of NutritionRelated Health Risks and Outcomes in the WIC-Eligible Population Topic Health Concern WIC Population Affected Vitamin D Low intake of vitamin D All women of reproductive age Folate Low intake of folate All women of reproductive age Calcium Low intake of calcium Pregnant or breastfeeding women Iron Iron deficiency anemia persists Women, infants, and children Zinc Low intake of zinc if complementary foods Breastfed infants greater than 6 months are inappropriate of age Obesity Health effects of obesity Women, infants, and children Dioxin Contamination of food with dioxin Women, infants, and children Methyl mercury Contamination of food with methyl Women, infants, and children mercury
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From page 74... ...
. Because the data with clinical measures of anemia are more recent than the intake data on iron and because breastfed infants were excluded from the analyses of intake data, the Committee gave extra weight to the physiological measures.
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