Science and Technology in Armenia Toward a Knowledge-Based Economy (2004) / Chapter Skim
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Appendix L: Proposals on Priority Areas for the Development of Science and Technology in the Republic of Armenia
Appendix L: Proposals on Priority Areas for the Development of Science and Technology in the Republic of Armenia
Pages 94-114
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From page 94... ...
LIST OF PROPOSED TARGETED PROGRAMS Armenian Studies · History of the Armenian people from ancient times to the present day · The Republic of Armenia as a factor in the Transcaucasus-Middle East geopolitical region · History of Armenian literature · History of Armenian artistic culture · History of Armenian philosophy · Problems of shaping and managing the economy of the Republic of Armenia and its energy infrastructure 94
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APPENDIX L 95 Information Technologies · Creation of an information system for the state agencies of the Republic of Armenia · Creation of a state scientific computing system Laser Physics, Instrumentation, and Technologies · Basic research aimed at stimulating development of the most important fields of applied research Nanotechnology · Nanotechnology and semiconductor nanoelectronics Risk Factors and Human Health · New biochemical preparations for treating a number of immunodeficiency and infectious diseases · Identification and prevention of the impact of dangerous factors on the environment and human health · Preservation of natural resources and improvement of water quality in Lake Sevan Biotechnology · Application of bioleaching for extracting copper and gold from Armenian ore deposits · Development of hydroponic, biotechnologically valuable, rare, and endangered plants (medicinal and aromatic plants, spices, etc.) and initiation of their soil-free cultivation New Materials · High-temperature superconductivity · Efforts to ensure the long-term operation of the Arpa-Sevan tunnel · Compounds and materials with special properties based on Armenian natural raw materials FUNDAMENTAL PRINCIPLES REGARDING THE IMPROVEMENT OF SCIENTIFIC AND TECHNICAL ENDEAVORS The scientific infrastructure in Armenia was created in its present form in the 1930s and 1940s.
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Basic research is also extremely necessary in university-based science and education; without it, the universities cannot train qualified personnel even for the applied spheres, the need for which will again be evident both for the development of domestic technologies and for the introduction of technologies developed by other countries. This document presents basic principles for improving scientific and technical endeavors, as well as related proposals, the implementation of which could provide the appropriate foundation for preserving and further developing the current level of science and technology in Armenia.
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In accordance with the law, the Academy is the highest scientific center of the Republic of Armenia, and it organizes and carries out basic and applied research on scientific problems and coordinates basic research conducted in scientific organizations and higher educational institutions. The law clearly notes that the Academy is accorded special status in the areas of science policy development and implementation as well as science management in the Republic of Armenia, and in its relations with the state the Academy is to be in direct contact with the republic's Prime Minister.
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From page 98... ...
We are certain that the President of the Republic will succeed in taking care of this situation. The Council's fundamental objectives must be to guide state scientific and technical programs in the republic, establish priorities for the development of scientific and technical progress, and determine necessary funding levels and mechanisms.
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At present, scientific activity is largely funded according to the principle of thematic financing and through international grants. Furthermore, the scientific organizations of the NAS-RA, higher educational institutions, and institutes under the auspices of government departments and ministries receive financing from the state budget.
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To correct this situation, the following measures are proposed: · The demand for scientific personnel in the Republic of Armenia in the fields of management, industry, agriculture, engineering, technology, and basic science (including Armenian studies) must be clarified by specialty, regardless of the actual possibilities for their training in the republic.
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(This method is also efficient because it consequently provides Armenian scientists working abroad with informal colleagues in a given field.) · To facilitate the further professional growth of young scientists (Ph.D.s)
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· For related institutes or laboratories, an experimental and material-technical infrastructure featuring unique equipment should be created for joint use, which in turn will stimulate further optimization of the system of institutes and their structure. LIST OF TARGETED PROGRAMS PROPOSED BY THE NAS-RA Armenian Studies History of the Armenian People from Ancient Times to the Present Day The NAS-RA Institute of History has done a great deal of work in recent years to study fundamental questions of the history of the Armenian people.
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The NAS-RA Institute of Arts has rich experience in creating scholarly monographs devoted to outstanding Armenian artistic figures as well as particular stages of Armenian artistic development. However, to this day, we still have no scientifically considered and generalized research on Armenian artistic culture as a whole.
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The NAS-RA Institute of Economics, the Institute of Energy, and the State Engineering University have done much work on the formation and management of the Armenian economy and its energy base. The elements of this proposed project include a modified program for forecasting the level of energy demand depending on various scenarios for the development of the Armenian economy, an imitation model for deployment of energy facilities in relation to economic development, a program for defining the level of development of the Armenian energy sector, and a program for predicting likely levels of energy conservation in Armenia.
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From page 105... ...
Creation of a State Scientific Computing System The NAS-RA, Yerevan State University, the Armenian State Engineering University, and a number of Armenian scientific, technical, and educational organizations conduct research aimed at creating a computer information network environment that would make it possible to carry out high-productivity calculations, create large-volume databases, and ensure reliable data transmission. The NAS-RA Institute of Problems of Informatics and Automation (IPIA)
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From page 106... ...
Beginning in the 1970s, the Institute of Radiophysics and Electronics, the Institute of Physics, Yerevan State University, the Armenian State Engineering University, the Yerevan Physics Institute, and a number of other research and production organizations in the electronics sphere developed scientific schools studying the physics of semiconductor micro- and nanostructures and related devices. The largely preserved infrastructure and scientific-technical personnel in numerous Armenian electronics industry organizations (Pozistor, Elektron, Atom, Sin-Kristall, Astro, Mikroelektronika, Razdanmash)
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. The basic objectives of work under the proposed project involve carrying out targeted theoretical and experimental research, creating a republic Nanoelectronics Center and outfitting it with the appropriate technological and metrological equipment, training young specialists in nanoelectronics, and organizing republic seminars and conferences on current problems in nanotechnology and nanoelectronics.
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From page 108... ...
In the second phase, the biogeochemical exchange of substances and the structuralfunctional characteristics of Lake Sevan will be studied with an eye to reducing the degree of risk regarding water quality deterioration. In the final phase, a database will be created using the results of hydroecological monitoring studies, and mathematical models will be made of the basic interrelated processes that shape the quantity and quality of the natural resources of Lake Sevan and its watershed.
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From page 109... ...
As a result of many years of work, the Republic Microbial Depository of the NAS-RA has demonstrated the possibility of applying this process in the extraction of copper and other metals from unconditioned ores and wastes, which have accumulated in huge quantities in Armenia. The main factor limiting broad introduction of this method is lack of an experimental setup for working out the technology for the process relative to specific ore deposits.
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Next, effective technologies and technical documentation would be developed for the production of spirulina biomass using mineral and ground waters from Armenia's soda-containing salt marshes. Various preparations would be developed from spirulina biomass, and basic data and proposals would be created regarding the establishment of large-scale production in Armenia of spirulina biomass for food and feed purposes, particularly in salt marsh areas.
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New Materials High-Temperature Superconductivity (HTSC) Research in the area of HTSC by targeted program participants (Institute of Physics Research, International Science and Education Center, Institute of Radiophysics and Electronics, Yerevan Physics Institute, Yerevan State University, etc.)
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study of the characteristics of the superconductivity shift in HTSC materials at the start of the formation of this condition and development of theoretical aspects of superconductivity in direct proximity to the shift, with the aim of discovering the mechanism of HTSC. Funding support requirements include money for the organizational stage and infrastructure creation, establishment of a republic center for HTSC and provision of the necessary equipment for it, and ongoing operations.
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(Cost: 360 million drams over three years and six months) Compounds and Materials with Special Properties Based on Armenian Natural Raw Materials This project calls for the creation of new materials and compounds based on new scientific principles and methods such as heterophase processes for the chemical transformation of solid-state inorganic materials and compounds under the influence of gas-phase chain reactions and the combustion synthesis of inorganic compounds and materials.
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From page 114... ...
114 APPENDIX L SOURCE: Published in Russian and Armenian by the National Academy of Sciences of the Republic of Armenia, 2003. Russian version provided to the committee in February 2004 and translated and abridged by Kelly Robbins.
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