Emergency and Continuous Exposure Guidance Levels for Selected Submarine Contaminants Volume 1 (2007) / Chapter Skim
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9 Nitric Oxide
9 Nitric Oxide
Pages 209-222
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OCCURRENCE AND USE NO is unstable in air and converts to NO2. The low-oxygen conditions on board submarines will slow NO2 formation.
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163.6°C Melting point Flash point -- Explosive limits -- Specific gravity 1.04 with respect to air 45,600 mmHg at ! 94.8°C Vapor pressure Solubility 4.6 mL/100 mL of water at 20°C 1 ppm = 1.23 mg/m3; 1 mg/m3 = 0.81 ppm Conversion factors a Data on vapor pressure were taken from HSDB (2003)
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. One of the women developed severe pulmonary edema and died of cardiac arrest.
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Six healthy male volunteers (ages 30-38 years) were exposed to NO at 100 ppm for 3 h (Young et al.
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1997) , no NO-related toxic effects were noted in the lungs of rats exposed to NO at 10 or 100 ppm for 40 h while breathing either 21% or 100% oxygen.
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No treatment-related ultrastructural changes were observed in animals exposed at 200 ppm. Rats exposed to NO at 0.5 ppm with two daily peak exposures at 1.5 ppm for 9 weeks showed an increased number of fenestrations in the alveolar septa of the lungs, a reduced number of interstitial cells, and a thinning of the interstitial space (Mercer et al.
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NO binds to hemoglobin, resulting in reversible methemoglobinemia. NO2 exposure results in initial irritation with mild dyspnea followed by a delayed onset of pulmonary edema and, ultimately, interstitial fibrosis (Hine et al.
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Reference Occupational ACGIH TLV-TWA 25 ACGIH 2002 NIOSH REL-Ceiling 25 NIOSH 2004 OSHA PEL-TWA 25 29 CFR 1910.1000 a The comparability of EEGLs and CEGLs with occupational and public health standards or guidance levels is discussed in Chapter 1, section "Comparison to Other Regulatory Standards or Guidance Levels." Abbreviations: ACGIH, American Conference of Governmental Industrial Hygienists; NIOSH, National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health; OSHA, Occupational Safety and Health Administration; PEL, permissible exposure limit; ppm, parts per million; REL, recommended exposure limit; TLV, Threshold Limit Value; TWA, time-weighted average.
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. Thus, an increase in methemo TABLE 9-3 Emergency and Continuous Exposure Guidance Levels for Nitric Oxide (ppm)
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. In healthy subjects exposed at 128 ppm for 3 h there was no clinical evidence of significant methemoglobinemia (the average methemoglobin concentration was 3.75%)
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Presentation at the First Meeting on Emergency and Continuous Exposure Guidance Levels for Selected Submarine Contaminants, January 23, 2003, Washington, DC. Clutton-Brock, J
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220 EEGLs and CEGLs for Selected Submarine Contaminants double-masked, placebo-controlled, dose-response, multicenter study. I NO/PPHN Study Group.
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1991. Inhaled nitric oxide as a cause of selective pulmonary vasodilation in pulmonary hypertension.
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1994. Delivery and monitoring of inhaled nitric oxide in patients with pulmonary hypertension.
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