Utilization of Operational Environmental Satellite Data Ensuring Readiness for 2010 and Beyond (2004) / Chapter Skim
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1 Elements in a Dynamic System for Data Utilization
1 Elements in a Dynamic System for Data Utilization
Pages 11-24
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From page 11... ...
To successfully achieve comprehensive environmental satellite data utilization in the 2010-2020 era will require, in addition to data continuity, three foundational elements: 1. Advanced environmental geostationary and polar satellite, airborne, NEXRAD, and in situ sensor systems for excellence in data collection; 2.
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From page 12... ...
The chal lenges faced by those planning for environmental satellite data collection and management include not only handling this volume but also achieving the full potential of these data by educating more and increasingly diverse users and by providing for data archiving and retrieval that facilitate user access.
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From page 13... ...
In the mid-1990s the United States embarked on planning for the integration of civilian and defense meteorological satellite systems. This effort by NOAA, NASA, and DOD has led to the development of the National Polar-orbiting Operational Environmental Satellite System (NPOESS)
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From page 14... ...
Compared with the current operational system, the new capability will provide greatly improved spatial resolution, more rapid temporal refresh, and finer vertical resolution through increased spectral information content. This future, populated by advanced flight instruments yielding higher-quality measure ments, will bring further downstream ground system expansion, with the estimated increase in data volume over the next 10 years equivalent to the increase seen over the last 20 to 30 years.
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From page 15... ...
This environmental satellite data enterprise extends from the instruments, spacecraft, and operating systems of the satellite data providers through the brokers and their data servers that place information into the hands of end users. The system is characterized by a sequence of bidirectional interfaces between the functional units in the end-to-end process of satellite data utilization, as depicted in Figure 1.1, that must be addressed.
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From page 16... ...
Lessons from past planning by NOAA, NASA, and associated academic and private sector partners in environmental satellites have shown a repeated pattern of underestimating the effects of key technology developments. A portion of the grow ing technology gap -- between what is being done by the federally funded environ mental satellite data systems and what could be done -- may be driven by the federal procurement process and the long cycle time between program changes.
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From page 17... ...
Inexpensive storage is likely to result in increases in standing orders for and bulk transfers of environmental satellite data and to an increasing number of sites able to function as long-term archives, i.e., having both the physical capacity and the stewardship (capability for security, maintenance, technology migration) needed to reliably maintain records of mission-critical importance.
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From page 18... ...
Addi tional measures of user accessibility should be developed, should be discussed at user interface meetings, and should include those measures suggested or required by various user segments and chains. Within the environmental satellite data user community, needs for access to data and information cover a wide range -- from information for warnings and alerts by community disaster centers through data for providers of value-added products and services for the recreational community to data for use in scholarly research.
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From page 19... ...
/Limb Ozone Retrieval Experiment (LORE) .1 In every case, the advanced sensors extend today's measurement sets, while providing significant evolved capability to meet the tightened requirements of the Integrated Operational Requirements Document (IORD/2)
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From page 20... ...
20 network ibuted ib.ipo.noaa.gov/ distr globally a http://npoessl at into cable online optic available fiber NOAA; of high-bandwidth Courtesy 2004)
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From page 21... ...
With increases of 10X to 100X, NPOESS and GOES data requirements will demand improved downlinks and ground processing, storage, and dissemination systems capable of keeping up with the higher data volumes and more-complex data product algorithms. Reconciling Stability and Change The NOAA-NASA operational environmental satellite systems operate amid the opposing forces of (1)
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From page 22... ...
While driven by requirements for precision, higher radiometric precision does not translate directly to improved quality for geophysical data products. Every additional two bits are equivalent to a 4X-deeper look into the data, but undesired "noise" is also unmasked in these deeper looks, requiring that the retrieval algorithms be significantly revised so as to uncover the desired information that the sensor now provides -- separating the new information from the "noise" present in other, competing phenomenological signals.
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From page 23... ...
Every turn around the spiral includes more detailed activities, including generation and inspection of test data sets, further algorithm development, more thorough testing and validation strategies, and more test cases leading to a deeper understanding of the stratified algorithm performance over a wider range of environmental conditions, e.g.: · Across the measurement range, · For all surface types and air masses, · For diverse combinations of solar and viewing angles, and · For cloud states ranging from subvisible to broken multilayer overcast. The collection of test data sets, theoretical basis documents, architecture and design documentation, algorithm software, and test plans and reports is enlarged and enhanced by each turn of the spiral.
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From page 24... ...
The study and assessment of impact also provide significant inputs and lessons learned to the planning of any future missions and to the execution of current missions. The circular end-to-end system for the process of satellite data utilization can be summarized as follows: · A vision of a mission by an expert, farsighted individual, team, or program office that demonstrates new ways of making unique and enhanced measurements or of meeting ongoing operational requirements; · Incorporation of users' requirements and lessons learned into the guidelines for the configuration of the design and building of a new sensor system; · Instrument characterization, including efforts in calibration and navigation, which enables consistent measurements that allow certainty and generation of quality data products; · Product development and demonstration, and processing research, to ensure that the data products meet the requirements identified in the mission concept; · Validation of data and data products to characterize the accuracy and long term stability of the measurements and products, with feedback for algorithm devel opment and product generation before distribution and use recognized as vital; · Distribution and storage for downstream data access to allow indirect users and specific agencies to tailor the data for their own needs; · Other final links in the chain, including weather forecast applications, data assimilation, application for decision support systems, impact studies, and mission assessment; · Indirect use and applications utilizing a variety of satellite data product types and formats; and · Training and education across all functions in the process and links in the chain to ensure proactive and iterative collection, understanding, and embracing of operational users' requirements and feedback.
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