Health Implications of Perchlorate Ingestion (2005) / Chapter Skim
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Appendix B Glossary
Appendix B Glossary
Pages 205-212
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From page 205... ...
Argus has 25 years of experience in the conduct of nonclinical reproductive and developmental toxicity safety studies for the pharmaceutical, food, and chemical industries. Argus has a specialization in neurobehavioral studies, a standard component of reproductive and developmental toxicity tests for pharmaceutical products and neurotoxicology safety assessments.
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From page 206... ...
A metric useful in comparing the variability of multiple datasets calculated by dividing the standard deviation of a dataset by its mean.5 deiodinases: enzymes that metabolizethyroid hormones, including conver sion of the prohormone thyroxine to triiodothyronine by removal of an iodide. diiodotyrosine: an intermediate in the production of thyroid hormones.
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The lowest exposure at which there are statistically or biologically significant increases in fre quency or severity of adverse effects in an exposed population com pared with its appropriate control group.8 mechanism or mode of action: processes causing a biologic effect, for example, toxicity. mg: milligram (one-thousandth of a gram)
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physiologically based pharmacokinetic model: a type of model that esti mates the dose delivered to a target tissue or organ by taking into account the rate of absorption into the body, distribution among target organs and tissues, metabolism, and excretion.1 PND: postnatal day. point of departure: the dose-response point that marks the beginning of an extrapolation.1 posterior probability distribution: See prior probability distribution.
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From page 209... ...
standardized mortality ratio: a measure of population health calculated by dividing the number of deaths observed in a population of interest by the number of deaths expected on the basis of the mortality rates of a reference population.12 standardized prevalence ratio: a measure of population health calculated by dividing the observed disease prevalence in a population of interest by the prevalence expected in the population on the basis of disease rates of a reference population. T3: see triiodothyronine.
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thyroid peroxidase: an enzyme that catalyzes iodide organification into thyroglobulin and then promotes thyroid hormone synthesis. thyrotropin: a glycoprotein hormone that stimulates growth and function of the thyroid gland.
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, the uncertainty in extrapolating fromdata obtained in a study involving less-than-lifetime exposure (extrapolating from subchronic to chronic exposure) , the uncertainty in using LOAEL data rather than NOAEL data, and the uncertainty associated with extrapolation when the database is incom plete.16 A UF of 10 is considered to be a health-protective default value to be used when little is known about a particular source of variability or uncertainty or when information on a relevant health effect is lack ing.
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From page 212... ...
EPA/630/P-02/002F. Risk Assessment Forum, U.S.
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Key Terms
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