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6 Evidence of Biological Effects of RF Exposure Relevant to PAVE PAWS Radar System
Pages 94-109

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From page 94...
... . Embryonic development studies can provide greater insight into potential health effects; however, there are a limited number of established embryo models that provide well-accepted, quantifiable endpoints for study.
From page 95...
... The techniques of molecular biology were only in the early stages of development. Today, three-dimensional hSsue-culture systems are being developed to permit the study of differenhating cell systems in a native tissue architecture, and polymerase chain reaction technology permits DNA amplification from samples as small as a single cell.
From page 96...
... The effects of exposure to external stimuli can be categorized into: I, Direct molecular effects · DNA damage · Membrane perturbations · Protein function alterations z, indirect molecular effects · Cell signal transduction
From page 97...
... DNA damage is a normal consequence of cellular Unction, and it is estimated that mammalian cells encounter 104DNA strand breaks/cell/day, which are usually repaired without adverse effects. Several studies have examined possible effects of exposures to radar and cell-phone RF energies on DNA damage in mammalian cells following acute exposures (hours)
From page 98...
... Likewise, low doses of ionizing radiation or UV light well within the limits of the permissible exposure also cause DNA strand breaks. Exposure to very low doses of ionizmg radiation (I cGy)
From page 99...
... However, such thermal effects cannot occur at the radar power densities experienced by the Cape Cod population and are not considered here. Several recent reports have documented induction of chaperone-like heatshock protein responses in mammalian cells following exposure to cell-phone frequencies below the thermal range.
From page 100...
... Studies of changes in cell signal transduction following radiofrequency exposure have been limited to an e~tanunatlon of production of extracellular factors following exposure to RF. The most significant changes that have been reported in the literature are m the transient release of cellular growth factors and other cell signal-inducing agents that might alter cellular functions temporarily (Mausset and others 2001; George and others 2002)
From page 101...
... Several studies of gene expression using comprehensive gene-chip arrays that can monitor the entire genome of expressed genes in a single experiment are underway and hold promise for resolving questions of gene expression changes associated with RF exposure. PHENOTYPIC RESPONSES Cell Apoptosis Apoptosis is the process of programmed cell death induced either in natural circumstances of embryogenesis and differentiation or in states of stress following exposure to cellular damaging agents such as heat or radiation.
From page 102...
... Pacini and others (2002) also documented an increased proliferation of normal human shin fibroblasts in culture following exposure to RF.
From page 103...
... For example, abnormalities of the B real gene, part of a DNA-repair complex, are associated with a higher incidence of breast cancer among women. Abnormalities of DNA repair would be evident in several different ways including increased accumulahon of DNA damage, changes in the accumulahon of particular DNArepair proteins, and alterahons in other pathways controlled by DNA-repair proteins (such as cell-cycle progression and cellular transformation)
From page 104...
... Growth in Plant Systems A remarkable consistency has developed in a small number of studies addressing the influence of RF radiahon on tree growth and fecundity, most notably in three plant studies out of the fommer Soviet Umon in the republic of Latvia (all conducted in the vicinity of Skrunda Radio Location Station)
From page 105...
... In addition, some embryo development studies and a few ir, vitro studies have also suggested the possibility of ELF-modulated microwave-frequency RF exposures producing significant biological effects. The consideration that the modulation frequency of the PAVE PAWS may play a significant role in understanding the potential for this radar to influence biological systems was also raised by the first NAS review committee in 1979.
From page 106...
... To clarify these conclusions, additional studies would be required. Specifically, long-term studies of complex biological responses following exposure to PAVE PAWS type radiation, as described m the U
From page 107...
... 2004 b. Me asuements of a kali -labi le DNA damage and p mte in-DNA cros sl inks after 2450 MHz micmwave and low-dose gamma irradiation m vitro.
From page 108...
... 1997. Measuement of DNA damage afer exposue to 2450 MHz electromagnetic radiation.
From page 109...
... 1. Investigation of DNA damage and micronuclei induction in cultured human blood cells.


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