Water Conservation, Reuse, and Recycling Proceedings of an Iranian-American Workshop (2005) / Chapter Skim
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Pages 106-113
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From page 106... ...
106 Agricultural Drought Management in Iran Sayed-Farhad Mousavi INTRODUCTION Deserts and arid lands have always presented a harsh environment in which to live, and their sunburned people make a great effort to survive. They have done their best to find ways of better living.
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From page 107... ...
AGRICULTURAL DROUGHT MANAGEMENT IN IRAN 107 WATER RESOURCES OF IRAN The state of water resources in Iran is summarized as follows. The main source of water is precipitation, which normally amounts to 252 mm or 413 billion cubic meters (bcm)
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From page 108... ...
108 WATER CONSERVATION, REUSE, AND RECYCLING FIGURE 1 Distribution of total annual rainfall (1999-2001)
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From page 109... ...
109 FI G U R E 2 W at er sc ar ci ty p ro jec tio ns (Se ck ler , e t a l., 19 99 )
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From page 110... ...
110 WATER CONSERVATION, REUSE, AND RECYCLING tax income, increasing the cost of water and forage transport, and increasing migration of farmers to small and big cities. Reduced yields and quality of grain, and increased incidence of pests and diseases are the most detrimental effects of drought in the agricultural sector.
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From page 111... ...
AGRICULTURAL DROUGHT MANAGEMENT IN IRAN 111 • In Mashhad plain, average well discharge was about 33 liters/second in 1970, but has decreased to 19.5 liters/second in 2001. Electrical conductivity of water has increased 0.035 deciSiemens/meter (dS/m)
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From page 112... ...
112 WATER CONSERVATION, REUSE, AND RECYCLING MEASURES TO MITIGATE DROUGHT EFFECTS Water resources experts, agronomists, politicians, and citizens have proposed different measures and approaches to mitigate the adverse effects of agricultural drought. A summary of these proposals is as follows, and the possibility of applying such measures needs further discussion and investigation.
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From page 113... ...
AGRICULTURAL DROUGHT MANAGEMENT IN IRAN 113 • Control population growth. • Prevent decline of rural and tribal economies.
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