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From page 252... ... 252 Interbasin Water Transfers in Iran Ahmad Abrishamchi and Massoud Tajrishy ABSTRACT Iran is an arid and semiarid country with scarce and sensitive water resources. The increasing demand for water has caused an alarming decrease in annual per capita renewable water resources, currently estimated to be about 2,000 m3 for a population of around 65 million. Read the entire page →
From page 253... ... INTERBASIN WATER TRANSFERS IN IRAN 253 water resources. In addition, water consumption in the urban, agricultural, and industrial sectors is not satisfactory. Read the entire page →
From page 254... ... 254 WATER CONSERVATION, REUSE, AND RECYCLING and supply will require tremendous efforts to develop various supply enhancements and demand management options, among which construction of new dams on the remaining unexploited sites and interbasin water transfer (IBWT) appear to water managers to be promising options. Read the entire page →
From page 255... ... INTERBASIN WATER TRANSFERS IN IRAN 255 where lack of water security and shortages reduce the quality of life, economic development, and social progress. The objective in water sharing is the betterment of living standards and social welfare. Read the entire page →
From page 256... ... 256 WATER CONSERVATION, REUSE, AND RECYCLING Sociocultural Impacts Criterion 4: A comprehensive assessment of sociocultural impacts must indicate a reasonable degree of certainty that the proposed IBWT project will not cause substantial sociocultural disruption in the area of origin or area of water delivery; however, transfer may be justified where compensation to offset potential sociocultural losses is provided. Benefit Distribution Considerations Criterion 5: The net benefits from transfer must be shared equitably between the area of transfer origin and the area of water delivery. Read the entire page →
From page 257... ... INTERBASIN WATER TRANSFERS IN IRAN 257 FIGURE 1 Precipitation Map of Iran (1999) Read the entire page →
From page 258... ... 258 WATER CONSERVATION, REUSE, AND RECYCLING TABLE 1 Main Features of Regions of Iran (Jamab Consulting Engineers) Region Region Area Precipitation Volume NPVa # Name (km2) Read the entire page →
From page 259... ... INTERBASIN WATER TRANSFERS IN IRAN 259 THE NATIONAL WATER POLICY AND STRATEGY In the past, water resources management in Iran did not take shape on the basis of an integrated and holistic approach. The result was that the integrity of water resources and ecosystems came under serious threat. Read the entire page →
From page 260... ... 260 WATER CONSERVATION, REUSE, AND RECYCLING • Promoting productivity and preventing exploitation of the economic, security, and political value of water in its harvesting, storage, supply, and consumption. Efficiency in use must be constantly improved in the various functions of water, and the motivation for conservation and efficiency must be strengthened through such measures as education and training, as well as the application of technical and economic means. Read the entire page →
From page 261... ... INTERBASIN WATER TRANSFERS IN IRAN 261 TABLE 2 Key Interbasin Transfer Schemes Source Basin/ Recipient Basin Project Regiona or City/Regiona Purposeb Statusc Kuhrang-1 Karoon(3) Zayanderud(4) Read the entire page →
From page 262... ... 262 WATER CONSERVATION, REUSE, AND RECYCLING FIGURE 4 Interbasin water transfer projects over the three Five-Year Development Plans (1989-2003) , measured in terms of volume of water transferred and length, or distance, of water transfer. Read the entire page →
From page 263... ... INTERBASIN WATER TRANSFERS IN IRAN 263 INTERBASIN WATER TRANSFERS FROM THE KAROON AND DEZ TO THE ZAYANDERUD BASIN The Karoon and Dez basins are among the largest basins in Iran. The Karoon River has the largest discharge among the rivers in Iran and the Dez stands second to it. Read the entire page →
From page 264... ... 264 WATER CONSERVATION, REUSE, AND RECYCLING FIGURE 5 Interbasin transfers from Persian Gulf Basins to Central Basin. Engineers in order to determine the surplus water in the western and central parts of the Province of Mazandaran that will be transferred to Eastern Mazandaran and the Province of Golestan after environmental requirements are satisfied (Mahab Ghods Consulting Engineers) Read the entire page →
From page 265... ... 265 FI G U R E 6 In te rb as in tr an sf er s f ro m C as pi an B as in s t o Ce nt ra l B as in (T eh ran ) Read the entire page →
From page 266... ... 266 WATER CONSERVATION, REUSE, AND RECYCLING has not yet been determined. Due to the complexities and peculiarities of the project, it was necessary to carry out more detailed studies on all hydrological, agricultural, environmental, ecological, social, and economic aspects, which are still in progress. Read the entire page →
From page 267... ... INTERBASIN WATER TRANSFERS IN IRAN 267 water distribution system is very small and limited, and public valves deliver water to the people. The deficiencies of the water distribution system and the shortage of water in recent years have resulted in repeated interruptions and failures in supplying drinking water for long stretches of time. Read the entire page →
From page 268... ... 268 WATER CONSERVATION, REUSE, AND RECYCLING water among users, and consumption patterns in the city, as well as problems arising after water is conveyed to the city (such as the expected abrupt population increase or a sudden increase in per capita consumption) Read the entire page →
From page 269... ... INTERBASIN WATER TRANSFERS IN IRAN 269 Criterion 1: The receiving areas have suffered from great water shortage, but the methods of reducing demand have not been properly investigated. Criterion 2: As the Karoon and Dez basins enjoy plenty of water, the transferred volumes make up only a small portion of the available water in these basins, and the transfers do not seem to cause any water shortages or limitations on future developments in the donor area. Read the entire page →
From page 270... ... 270 WATER CONSERVATION, REUSE, AND RECYCLING is next to 30 percent) Read the entire page →
From page 271... ... INTERBASIN WATER TRANSFERS IN IRAN 271 4. Prior to the implementation of IBWT proposals, thorough assessments of social and environmental impacts must be made, as well as provision for the continuous monitoring of likely impacts during construction and operation of the projects. Read the entire page →

From page 252...

... 252 Interbasin Water Transfers in Iran Ahmad Abrishamchi and Massoud Tajrishy ABSTRACT Iran is an arid and semiarid country with scarce and sensitive water resources. The increasing demand for water has caused an alarming decrease in annual per capita renewable water resources, currently estimated to be about 2,000 m3 for a population of around 65 million.