Water Conservation, Reuse, and Recycling Proceedings of an Iranian-American Workshop (2005) / Chapter Skim
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Pages 67-78
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From page 67... ...
67 Solar Desalination for Domestic Applications Mehdi N Bahadori ABSTRACT Water may be considered a more important resource than energy, given that a water crisis is life threatening.
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From page 68... ...
68 WATER CONSERVATION, REUSE, AND RECYCLING is to produce fresh water for communities for their continuous health, development, and growth at an acceptable cost. To meet the challenge, large desalination systems, including dual-purpose power and desalination plants, have been built to reduce the cost of production of electricity and water.
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From page 69... ...
SOLAR DESALINATION FOR DOMESTIC APPLICATIONS 69 average fresh water production of 85 cubic meters per day, using sea water with a salinity of 55,000 ppm or 5.5 percent (El-Nashar, 2001)
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70 WATER CONSERVATION, REUSE, AND RECYCLING radiation. Incident short-wave solar radiation passes though the glass into the still where it is trapped and evaporates the water, which is then condensed on the glass surface and is collected as distillate.
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SOLAR DESALINATION FOR DOMESTIC APPLICATIONS 71 collection system. Operation of a still may be continuous or batch.
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72 WATER CONSERVATION, REUSE, AND RECYCLING Energy transfer from basin to cover occurs by evaporation and condensation, in addition to convection and radiation. The losses from the back of the still are to the ground.
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SOLAR DESALINATION FOR DOMESTIC APPLICATIONS 73 FIGURE 3 Basic thermal network for a basin type still. If the still has insulation under the basin, heat loss to the ground can be written q U T Tk g b a= −( )
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From page 74... ...
74 WATER CONSERVATION, REUSE, AND RECYCLING The efficiency of a still is defined as the ratio of the heat transfer in the still by evaporation and condensation to the radiation (G) incident on the still.
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SOLAR DESALINATION FOR DOMESTIC APPLICATIONS 75 more water, but may be more expensive to construct (Duffie and Beckman, 1981; Bahadori and Edlin, 1973)
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76 WATER CONSERVATION, REUSE, AND RECYCLING Similar experiments were carried out in Tehran, employing small stills built of plexiglass. No insulations were employed on the sides of the stills, and the condensate produced on the side walls of the stills was also collected.
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From page 77... ...
SOLAR DESALINATION FOR DOMESTIC APPLICATIONS 77 FIGURE 6 Experimental and theoretical values of efficiencies for the Plexiglass solar still, using a layer of black pebbles at the bottom of the still. Values for Tehran during August 2002.
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