Skip to main content

Currently Skimming:


Pages 94-105

The Chapter Skim interface presents what we've algorithmically identified as the most significant single chunk of text within every page in the chapter.
Select key terms on the right to highlight them within pages of the chapter.


From page 94...
... 94 Status of Agricultural Water Use in Iran Amin Alizadeh and Abbas Keshavarz INTRODUCTION Because water is a critical natural resource, it has always played a vital role in progress and development. Since the first known human empire was established thousands of years ago in the southwestern part of Iran, water has played a key role in any social changes that have taken place in this country.
From page 95...
... STATUS OF AGRICULTURAL WATER USE IN IRAN 95 all the countries of the Middle East. In order to master the complex problem of water scarcity there will need to be regional cooperation and assistance.
From page 96...
... 96 WATER CONSERVATION, REUSE, AND RECYCLING TABLE 1 Water Availability and Use in Iran Component Volume (bcm) Percent of Total Precipitation 413 100 Evaporation 283 70 Renewable water 130 30 Surface water 105 Groundwater 25 Total water use 87.5 100 Agriculture 82.0 94.25 Domestic 4.7 4.75 Industry (etc.)
From page 97...
... STATUS OF AGRICULTURAL WATER USE IN IRAN 97 to be 25 billion m3, which is 28 percent of the surface water used in agriculture (Plan and Budget Organization, 1999)
From page 98...
... 98 WATER CONSERVATION, REUSE, AND RECYCLING limited resources, an inhospitable environment, and inadequate exploitation methods. Their struggle against nature has led to the accumulation of an indigenous knowledge base for conducting life and managing the environment.
From page 99...
... STATUS OF AGRICULTURAL WATER USE IN IRAN 99 Since technology is usually transferred to developing countries from outside, these countries can face more problems in providing the appropriate social changes to accompany technological developments than the industrial countries in which social development takes place simultaneously with technological development. In developing countries this integration takes time and money.
From page 100...
... 100 WATER CONSERVATION, REUSE, AND RECYCLING understanding of both positive and negative aspects of the relationship between humankind and nature can help us in the design and implementation of developing new projects. STATUS OF GROUNDWATER RESOURCES Groundwater is one of the most important water resources of Iran.
From page 101...
... STATUS OF AGRICULTURAL WATER USE IN IRAN 101 to orchards, and 2.8 Mha to different field crops. For irrigating these areas, 83 bcm of water is used.
From page 102...
... 102 WATER CONSERVATION, REUSE, AND RECYCLING is delivered to the field but not used by the crop for evapotranspiration. Drainage water may flow to the sea or desert, in which case it is effectively lost to further use.
From page 103...
... STATUS OF AGRICULTURAL WATER USE IN IRAN 103 Opportunities to increase agricultural water productivity via the first two approaches are very limited in Iran. If we do not consider the incoming international water, the total amount of renewable water will not exceed 117 bcm, from which only 105 bcm can be controlled as utilizable water.
From page 104...
... 104 WATER CONSERVATION, REUSE, AND RECYCLING 1. Technical practices, such as land leveling for uniform distribution of water on land.
From page 105...
... STATUS OF AGRICULTURAL WATER USE IN IRAN 105 Reza, A., Kooros, Ch., Emam-Shooshtari, M., and A Entezami, 1973.

Key Terms



This material may be derived from roughly machine-read images, and so is provided only to facilitate research.
More information on Chapter Skim is available.