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From page 3...
... 3Water Management, Conservation, and Reuse in the Western United States Henry Vaux, Jr. INTRODUCTION In the United States the patterns of precipitation, water use, and water management problems are highly variable.
From page 4...
... 4 WATER CONSERVATION, REUSE, AND RECYCLING Phoenix, and Salt Lake City) are among the fastest growing cities in the United States.
From page 5...
... WATER MANAGEMENT, CONSERVATION, AND REUSE IN THE WESTERN U.S. 5 the water supply is generated in the form of snow pack in the higher elevations while the places of use tend to be in the coastal zones and broad lowland valleys.
From page 6...
... 6 WATER CONSERVATION, REUSE, AND RECYCLING mental parameters, dams and diversions are now understood to contribute to the loss of biodiversity, to impair fish habitat, and to constrain the capacity of the environment to provide waste assimilation and other services. The consequence is that water managers in the West have turned to a broad array of techniques to assist in the management of scarcity.
From page 7...
... WATER MANAGEMENT, CONSERVATION, AND REUSE IN THE WESTERN U.S. 7 to be transferred will come from agriculture and rural areas and that the financial returns from selling or leasing the water may enrich places other than areas of origin.
From page 8...
... 8 WATER CONSERVATION, REUSE, AND RECYCLING to have reasonably effective water quality control laws and policies because the prevailing water scarcity made clear the importance of not allowing water quality to deteriorate. Despite this fact, there was a tendency nationwide for states to compete for the location of new business by promising freedom from stringent water quality regulations.
From page 9...
... WATER MANAGEMENT, CONSERVATION, AND REUSE IN THE WESTERN U.S. 9 such as artificial wetlands, beyond the time when they could have first been employed effectively as part of a comprehensive wastewater management strategy.
From page 10...
... 10 WATER CONSERVATION, REUSE, AND RECYCLING nologies that allow precision application of water to avoid overirrigation that contributes to run-off and deep percolation. Comprehensive watershed management strategies are plans and practices for managing watersheds as a hydrologic unit and regulating activities.
From page 11...
... WATER MANAGEMENT, CONSERVATION, AND REUSE IN THE WESTERN U.S. 11 utilized.
From page 12...
... 12 WATER CONSERVATION, REUSE, AND RECYCLING fashion as a monopolistic extractor would behave. This cannot be accomplished without metering and regulating the extractions of each individual.
From page 13...
... WATER MANAGEMENT, CONSERVATION, AND REUSE IN THE WESTERN U.S. 13 trast, in two areas in which stringent groundwater management regimes have been developed in the last two decades, the benefits were apparently quite large.
From page 14...
... 14 WATER CONSERVATION, REUSE, AND RECYCLING There is a need for new technologies that will allow water to be used more efficiently in all consuming sectors. Yet, there is a surprising lack of knowledge about the fundamental determinants of consumptive use, knowledge that would be needed to develop appropriate technology.
From page 15...
... WATER MANAGEMENT, CONSERVATION, AND REUSE IN THE WESTERN U.S. 15 replenishable groundwater supplies or because lands are not suited to agricultural production over the long run.
From page 16...
... 16 WATER CONSERVATION, REUSE, AND RECYCLING services artificially in lieu of the environmental services, and the resulting in lieu services are never as effective and efficient as they are when provided by the environment. There is very little understanding of the role of aquatic ecosystems and the role of water in supporting environmental services, with the result that there is a compelling need to understand such ecosystems in a broad systems context.
From page 17...
... WATER MANAGEMENT, CONSERVATION, AND REUSE IN THE WESTERN U.S. 17 • The management of water quality will continue to be challenging.

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