High-Performance Structural Fibers for Advanced Polymer Matrix Composites (2005) / Chapter Skim
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3 The High-Performance Fiber Industries
3 The High-Performance Fiber Industries
Pages 28-35
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From page 28... ...
THE CARBON FIBER INDUSTRY 1969 to 1989 -- The First 20 Years High-strength carbon fiber came out of the development laboratories in Japan, England, and the United States in the late 1960s. The initial fibers were very expensive (more than $400 per pound)
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From page 29... ...
In 1989, after 20 years of development, approximately 40 percent of the global market was concentrated in the United States. In Japan, Taiwan, and Korea, the total usage was approximately equal to that of the United States, but it was predominantly for sports equipment.
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From page 30... ...
Analysis of the 1997 SACMA data shows the following: Consumption in 1997 was 26 million pounds, more than 5 million pounds greater than in 1996, a better than 25 percent increase -- the largest increase in the history of carbon fiber; DoD usage was up 55 percent over 1996 reaching 1.3 million pounds, representing 9 percent of the U.S. market and 5 percent of the world market; Commercial aerospace usage was 4.7 million pounds, up 2.8 million pounds over 1996, or a 77 percent increase; Commercial aerospace usage was 6.5 million pounds, or 25 percent of the total market; Worldwide sports equipment usage was 9 million pounds, or 35 percent of the total market; Worldwide industrial usage was 31 percent of the total market; Worldwide automotive usage was 4 percent of the total market; and U.S.
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From page 31... ...
In the United States, the demand for pitch-based fibers is limited to carbon-carbon brake applications, which were initiated in the 1970s, and limited thermal management applications in satellites and aerospace applications. ConocoPhillips built an 8 million-pound-per-year capacity manufacturing plant for pitch-based fiber that was scheduled to begin production in 2002.5 The process used a melt-blowing technique to convert a "solvated" mesophase pitch into a randomly oriented fiber mat.
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From page 32... ...
In the United States, none of the original manufacturers of carbon fiber was able to achieve the desired returns, and each exited the business. A number of companies have invested in the promise of high-strength carbon fiber; many of them are no longer in operation.
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From page 33... ...
Scotland 4.2 Zoltek United States 4.0 Total textile 18.1 Combined total 73.5 a Estimated 12k equivalent nameplate capacity b This total reflects an estimated 78 percent ownership of world SAF capacity by Japanese companies. SOURCE: Intertech.
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From page 34... ...
By 2002, the demand for paramid alone had risen to approximately 90 million pounds, more than two times the demand for PANbased carbon fiber.8 Production Capacity and Price for High-Performance Organic Fibers In the mid-1990s, substantial production capacity existed for high-performance organic fibers in the United States, Europe, and Japan. Worldwide production capacity in 1994 was estimated to be approximately 132 million pounds, with the largest capacity (72 million pounds)
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From page 35... ...
This Richmond-area build-out is independent of a previously announced Spectra fiber manufacturing operation intended to support the global marketplace. Additional capacity for domestic fiber is also being added by Dyneema.
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