Advancing the Nation's Health Needs NIH Research Training Programs (2005) / Chapter Skim
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3 Behavioral and Social Sciences Research
3 Behavioral and Social Sciences Research
Pages 36-50
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From page 36... ...
3 Behavioral and Social Sciences Research The behavioral and social sciences cover a wide spectrum rectly related to health concerns, including children and of health-relevant research areas. One end of the spectrum families; education, employment, and training; the environhas a focus on the individual, including such areas as psy- ment; health and behavior; human performance; internachology, behavioral and cognitive neuroscience, and cogni- tional studies; law and justice; national statistics; and poputive science.
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From page 37... ...
The research for mental illnesses such as depression, schizophre- results of this analysis showed that about 90 percent of the nia, and various neurological illnesses, it is no surprise that thesis topics could be funded and therefore a large portion of the research demand in the behavioral and social sciences the clinical psychology Ph.D.s could pursue research careers. has grown rapidly in recent years.
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From page 38... ...
graduates from universities in the disease. The research workforce that addresses the types of United States in the fields listed in Appendix C and of fordiseases and health problems described earlier in this chap- eign graduates seeking careers in science and engineering in ter is much broader than the behavioral and social sciences this country.
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From page 39... ...
The 45,000 40,000 35,000 30,000 Supported 25,000 Students 20,000 of 15,000 Number 10,000 5,000 0 1979 1980 1981 1982 1983 1984 1985 1986 1987 1988 1989 1990 1991 1992 1993 1994 1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 Year Graduate Fellowships Graduate Traineeships Graduate Research Assistantships Graduate Teaching Assistantships Other Types of Support Self-Supported FIGURE 3-2 Graduate support in the behavioral and social sciences, 19792002. SOURCE: National Science Foundation Survey of Graduate Students and Postdoctorates in Science and Engineering.
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From page 40... ...
Recently, however, the fraction of sider addressing this situation not only with retraining prodoctorates planning on a postdoctoral appointment increased grams but also special postdoctoral research grants to keep 60% 50% 40% Clinical Psychology 30% Percentage 20% Behavioral and Social Sciences 10% 0% 1970 1973 1976 1979 1982 1985 1988 1991 1994 1997 2000 2003 Year FIGURE 3-4 Doctorates planning postdoctoral training, 19702003. SOURCE: National Science Foundation Survey of Earned Doctorates, 2001.
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From page 41... ...
. While academic shows the number of postdoctoral appointments by employ- employment is still the largest sector, industrial employment ment sector and the rapid growth in appointments in recent is growing at a rapid rate and almost equals that in educayears.
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From page 42... ...
100,000 90,000 80,000 70,000 60,000 50,000 Number 40,000 30,000 3-6 20,000 10,000 0 1973 1975 1977 1979 1981 1983 1985 1987 1989 1991 1993 1995 1997 1999 2001 Year Academics Industrial Government Non-Profit FIGURE 3-7 Behavioral and social sciences workforce by sector of employment, 19732001. SOURCE: National Science Foundation Survey of Doctorate Recipients.
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From page 43... ...
Biomedical sciences 40.7 Years 46.2 Years Behavioral and social sciences 40.6 Years 48.8 Years RESEARCH TRAINING AND THE NATIONAL SOURCE: National Science Foundation Survey of Doctorate Recipients. RESEARCH SERVICE AWARD PROGRAM In general, the National Research Service Award (NRSA)
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From page 44... ...
70 Other Academics 60 Tenure -Track (Not Tenured) Faculty 50 40 Percentage 30 Non-Tenure Track Faculty Tenured Faculty 20 10 0 1975 1977 1979 1981 1983 1985 1987 1989 1991 1993 1995 1997 1999 2001 Year FIGURE 3-10 Percentage of women in academic positions, 19752001.
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From page 45... ...
. A few behavioral and social sciences doctoral stucenter but instead through the coordination of training and dents receive NIGMS training support, but only under instiresearch by the Office of Behavioral and Social Science Re- tutional NRSA training grants that are focused on biomedical search (OBSSR)
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From page 46... ...
tigators from doing interdisciplinary research, relevant fields As shown in Figure 3-2, less than one-quarter of the for interdisciplinary training, and what fraction of the NIH graduate student population in doctoral-granting institutions training portfolio should support interdisciplinary training. in the behavioral and social sciences is supported by fellowMore recently a working group for the NIH Advisory Coun- ships, traineeships, and research grants.
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From page 47... ...
There are no ported mainly graduate fellowships and traineeships, but by data on general postdoctoral support from NIH, but the picthe 1990s its support shifted to research grants. Conse- ture for postdoctoral training support from all federal sources quently, by 2001 over two-thirds of the support provided by also shows growth in research grant support and the decline NIH was in the form of research grants, and in 2002 it grew in trainee and fellowship support (see Figure 3-13)
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From page 48... ...
The most recent assessment of the career outcomes Postsecondary Faculty place the faculty percentage a little of NRSA predoctoral trainees and fellows in the behavioral lower, at about 2 percent. In either case the numbers are and social sciences did not yield results that were clear-cut small and will not have a significant effect on the projecevidence.
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From page 49... ...
The other segments of the workforce, except ates increases from 4,221 in 2001 to only 4,619 in 2011, or for postdoctoral appointments, are projected to decline over TABLE 3-6 Projected Workforce by Status for the Median Scenario, 20012011 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 U.S. Doctorates Workforce 113,997 116,267 118,368 120,408 122,375 124,247 125,960 127,497 128,868 130,101 131,154 Employed in S&E 99,146 101,902 104,256 106,418 108,416 110,281 111,957 113,432 114,729 115,887 116,874 Out of science 10,644 10,615 10,566 10,534 10,533 10,530 10,521 10,519 10,526 10,534 10,532 Unemployed 789 565 496 468 453 449 451 457 462 466 468 Unemployed, not seeking 3,418 3,185 3,050 2,989 2,974 2,988 3,031 3,089 3,151 3,215 3,281 Postdoctorates 2,391 2,527 2,651 2,746 2,842 2,905 2,968 3,021 3,072 3,109 3,144 Foreign Doctorates Workforce 3,469 3,470 3,465 3,454 3,438 3,423 3,411 3,395 3,376 3,349 3,312 Employed in S&E 3,047 3,049 3,046 3,046 3,041 3,038 3,036 3,030 3,018 2,997 2,966 Out of science 313 300 294 282 269 258 247 239 233 227 223 Unemployed 5 12 13 13 13 12 13 12 11 11 10 Unemployed, not seeking 104 108 111 112 113 113 114 113 114 113 112 Postdoctorates 69 69 69 70 71 73 73 74 75 74 74 Total Workforce 117,466 119,737 121,833 123,862 125,813 127,670 129,371 130,892 132,244 133,450 134,466 Employed in S&E 102,193 104,951 107,302 109,464 111,457 113,319 114,993 116,462 117,747 118,884 119,840 Out of science 10,957 10,915 10,860 10,816 10,802 10,788 10,768 10,758 10,759 10,761 10,755 Unemployed 794 577 509 481 466 461 464 469 473 477 478 Unemployed, not seeking 3,522 3,293 3,161 3,101 3,087 3,101 3,145 3,202 3,265 3,328 3,393 Postdoctorates 2,460 2,596 2,720 2,816 2,913 2,978 3,041 3,095 3,147 3,183 3,218 SOURCE: NRC Analysis, See Appendix Tables D-9, D-11, and D-12.
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From page 50... ...
The result is that health 6Data on the number of NRSA trainees in the behavioral and social sci- decisions that arise in many institutes and centers are made ences are incomplete after 2000 since educational institutions report on the without sufficient input from scientists and decision makers number of students trained in a field. The information is returned to NIH as much as 2 years after training, and the information was last processed in who have knowledge of and training in the techniques of the February 2003.
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