Advancing the Nation's Health Needs NIH Research Training Programs (2005) / Chapter Skim
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4 Clinical Sciences Research
4 Clinical Sciences Research
Pages 51-64
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From page 51... ...
health services research, including outcomes, and ability to cross-subsidize clinical research from hospital and cost effectiveness; (8) epidemiology; and (9)
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From page 52... ...
The nursing and dental workforces, as well as the clinician-scientists able to realize the promise of 21st-century health services researchers briefly mentioned above, will medicine. This objective depends, in turn, on continuing sup- also be included in clinical research, but because each of port, incentives, and educational and professional reforms these fields has its own special workforce issues, they will throughout the existing clinical research workforce.
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From page 53... ...
20,000 18,000 16,000 14,000 12,000 Number 10,000 Self-Supported 8,000 Other Types of Support Assistantships 6,000 Graduate Teaching 4,000 Graduate Research Assistantships 2,000 Graduate Traineeships Graduate Fellowships 0 1979 1980 1981 1982 1983 1984 1985 1986 1987 1988 1989 1990 1991 1992 1993 1994 1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 Year FIGURE 4-2 Type of support for graduate students in clinical sciences departments, 19792002 (does not include graduate students in nursing)
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From page 54... ...
About 25 per- captures their activities, it is best to look at the clinical recent traditionally plan such training, in contrast to 70 percent search workforce from the perspective of the different deof graduates in the biomedical sciences and 36 percent in the grees that lead to becoming a clinical researcher. The basic social and behavioral sciences.
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From page 55... ...
This percentage is greater than in the bio 18,000 16,000 14,000 12,000 10,000 Number 8,000 6,000 4,000 2,000 0 1973 1975 1977 1979 1981 1983 1985 1987 1989 1991 1993 1995 1997 1999 2001 Year Academic Industrial Government Nonprofit Sector FIGURE 4-4 Employment sectors in the clinical sciences, 19732001. SOURCE: National Science Foundation Survey of Doctorate Recipients.
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SOURCE: National Science Foundation Survey of Doctorate Recipients. 100 90 80 70 1985 2001 60 1993 50 Percent 40 30 20 10 0 - 26 - 28 - 30 - 32 - 34 - 36 - 38 - 40 - 42 - 44 - 46 - 48 - 50 - 52 - 54 - 56 - 58 - 60 - 62 - 64 - 66 - 68 - 70 - 72 - 74 - 76 25 27 29 31 33 35 37 39 41 43 45 47 49 51 53 55 57 59 61 63 65 67 69 71 73 75 Age Cohort FIGURE 4-6 Cumulative age distribution of the clinical research workforce.
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0 1983 1984 1985 1986 1987 1988 1989 1990 1991 1992 1993 1994 1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 Year FIGURE 4-8 Postdoctoral appointments in clinical departments by citizenship and degree. SOURCE: National Science Foundation Survey of Graduate Students and Postdoctorates in Science and Engineering.
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From page 58... ...
ingly difficult challenge -- particularly for those working in The discussion until now has dealt only with part of the today's highly competitive health care market. Another obclinical sciences workforce (Ph.D.s)
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From page 59... ...
While the in These programs appear to be fulfilling their mission, since tent of the MSTP program is to develop translational re80 to 90 percent of the applicants are M.D.s, and they enjoy search, it has not brought large numbers of individuals into a higher acceptance rate than the Ph.D. applicants.
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The 3,500 students -- and it also showed a decrease in the impor- differences between the numbers shown in Table 4-2 and 3,000 2,500 2,000 Number 1,500 Graduate Research Assistantships 1,000 500 Graduate Traineeships and Fellowships 0 1979 1980 1981 1982 1983 1984 1985 1986 1987 1988 1989 1990 1991 1992 1993 1994 1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 Year FIGURE 4-9 NIH predoctoral support in the clinical sciences, 19792002. SOURCE: National Science Foundation Survey of Graduate Students and Postdoctorates in Science and Engineering.
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From page 61... ...
SOURCE: NIH IMPACII Database. Figure 4-9 are due to NRSA support through other DHHS The NRSA contribution to postdoctoral training support agencies, such as the Agency for Healthcare Research and mirrors the general trend for fellows and trainees but at a Quality.
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From page 62... ...
training, a more recent development, were instituted in 1989 by the National Institute of Mental Health, the Na- The lack of data for characterizing the clinical sciences tional Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism, and the workforce makes it extremely difficult to make accurate preNational Institute on Drug Abuse to encourage dual-degree dictions of this workforce. Using the limited data from the training in the areas of mental health, behavior, and neuro- Survey of Doctorate Recipients, the AAMC Faculty Roster, science.
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From page 63... ...
Since there appears to be lation in 2001. Current immigration restrictions will have an continuing growth in the workforce, only median estimates impact on the number of foreign scientists who will be able are presented here for the inputs to the life-table model.
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From page 64... ...
The forces that con- appears to be stabilizing suggest that the NRSA training level strain the clinical sciences workforce are beyond the control should be maintained at least at the 2003 level and increase of training programs, as they involve national policies on with extramural research funding. health care and its delivery systems.
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