An International Spent Nuclear Fuel Storage Facility Exploring a Russian Site as a Prototype: Proceedings of an International Workshop (2005) / Chapter Skim
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Safe Transport of Spent Nuclear Fuel and High Level Waste: International Experience
Safe Transport of Spent Nuclear Fuel and High Level Waste: International Experience
Pages 118-127
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From page 118... ...
TS-R-1, along with its companion document, "Advisory Material for the IAEA Regulations for the Safe Transport of Radioactive Material," TS-G-1.1, provides the basis for worldwide implementation of a harmonized approach to safe transport. TS-R-1 is now incorporated into the United Nations "Model Regulations for the Safe Transport of Dangerous Goods" (often called the "Orange Book")
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From page 119... ...
The differences in safety and security will be discussed even though the terms have not yet been succinctly defined. The safety and physical protection in transport of spent nuclear fuel and highlevel waste will be presented and the international acceptance of IAEA recommendations will be noted.
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From page 120... ...
These definitions are narrow for discussions in this paper, and as these subjects are discussed more frequently in public forums, additional limitations may further refine the meaning and intent of the terms. SAFETY IN TRANSPORT OF SPENT FUEL AND HIGH-LEVEL WASTE Safety in the transport of radioactive material is achieved through proper classification of the materials; use of appropriate containment through performance-oriented packages; criticality safety through limitations on fissile materials; communication for emergency response through marks, labels, placards, and shipping documents; and appropriate training of transport personnel.
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From page 121... ...
· UN Economic Commission for Europe: European Agreement Concerning the International Carriage of Dangerous Goods by Road (ADR) · UN Economic Commission for Europe: European Provisions Concerning the International Carriage of Dangerous Goods by Inland Waterway (ADN)
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From page 122... ...
Code in cooperation with the IAEA, which details standards for ships that transport INF. INF in this case includes spent nuclear fuel, high-level waste (HLW)
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From page 123... ...
The regulations prescribe rigorous design standards, demanding tests, and stringent acceptance requirements and limit the radiological exposure during and following an accident. Typical package accident test requirements include impacts onto an unyielding target, in the most damaging attitude through either a 9 m drop of the package, or a 9 m drop of a 500 kg steel mass onto the package, and a 1 m drop of the package onto a 15 cm steel bar; a full engulfing for 30 minutes with 800°C minimum average temperature; and a water immersion of 15 m, 0.9 m if fissile, and 200 m for larger quantities of radioactive material.
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From page 124... ...
Despite these technical and real considerations, there have always been questions about how the regulatory tests compare to real-world severe accidents. SECURITY IN TRANSPORT OF SPENT FUEL AND HIGH-LEVEL WASTE Since the events of September 11, 2001, added attention is being paid to security of radioactive material, including spent nuclear fuel and high-level waste.
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From page 125... ...
This draft guidance strives for consistency with the nuclear material security requirements of INFCIRC/225/Rev. 4, with the guidance on categorization of sources for safety and security of TECDOC (IAEA technical document)
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From page 126... ...
INTERNATIONAL EXPERIENCE In spite of the many safety, security, and liability issues transport of radioactive material continues to grow. For the Workshop on the Problems of Managing Spent Nuclear Fuel and Selection of a Site for Its Storage, the IAEA was asked to provide an overview estimate of the worldwide experience in the packaging and transport of nuclear-power-plant-related irradiated nuclear fuel and highlevel waste.
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From page 127... ...
The collected data on spent nuclear fuel (SNF) and HLW shipments was obtained by personal contacts and the published literature.
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