An International Spent Nuclear Fuel Storage Facility Exploring a Russian Site as a Prototype: Proceedings of an International Workshop (2005) / Chapter Skim
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Creation of Underground Laboratories at the Mining-Chemical Complex and at Mayak to Study the Suitability of Sites for Underground Isolation of Radioactive Wastes
Creation of Underground Laboratories at the Mining-Chemical Complex and at Mayak to Study the Suitability of Sites for Underground Isolation of Radioactive Wastes
Pages 240-247
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From page 240... ...
Underground facilities for the isolation of radioactive wastes and spent nuclear fuel differ substantially from other general industrial and power industry structures in the following ways: · Rock formations provide reliable isolation over prolonged periods of time (during which long-lived radionuclides require isolation)
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In geological engineering research it is necessary to take into account the entire range of legislation concerning the problem of managing radioactive wastes and spent nuclear fuel, as well as existing regulatory documents used in obtaining initial data for the design and construction of special underground structures. As shown in Table 1 the legislative and regulatory base for the creation of underground radioactive waste storage facilities includes the following related groups of documents: · documents regulating activities at the federal level · regulatory documents defining activities at all stages of prospecting, design, construction, and operation of the storage facility The most important point in the process is the selection of the site where the underground facility will be constructed.
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From page 242... ...
93-FZ, of the Law of the Russian Socialist Federal Soviet Republic on June 6, 2001 Environmental Protection 7. Law of the Russian Federation on Making Additions to the Federal No.
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Thanks to the joint research efforts of Minatom enterprises, Russian Academy of Sciences institutes, and geological organizations of the region, the structure, mineral and chemical composition, and tectonic disturbance of the geologic environment near Mayak were studied in detail. Volcanogenic rocks -- tuffs and lava breccia porphyrites with negligible water permeability and high mechanical resistance and thermal conductivity -- were found to be the most suitable for burial site purposes.
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From page 244... ...
In 2002 research at the Yeniseisky site was focused on evaluating the geological structure, degree of tectonic violation, and hydrogeologic conditions for identifying homogeneous and lightly violated blocks of native rock suitable for the construction of an underground laboratory and later a facility for the underground isolation of radioactive wastes. Geological engineering studies were carried out on a site-specific basis and included the neotectonic mapping of 1008 square kilometers, regularly scheduled hydrological and meteorological observations, route mapping studies of 370 linear kilometers, helium surveys of 259 points, field analytical chemical studies of 85 samples, and emanation surveys of 1067 points.
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245 mationsrof massif iousrav of anite Gr violations ectonicT age stor facility. aste w e isolation adioactivr m)
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From page 246... ...
This system makes it possible to take into account the structural-tectonic characteristics of the site, the heterogeneity of the environment with regard to its heat properties, processes of underground water filtration by fatigue toughness rate, and changes of rock properties over time and space as a result of industrial and natural impacts. The models also make it possible to predict the distance that the maximum permissible concentrations of any radionuclides will migrate as well as the heat field front, taking into account the rates of leaching from the matrices and of dissolution of radionuclides in underground water for redox conditions in the engineered barrier system and fracturing zones of the rock massif, the constructive features of underground objects, the sizes and properties of engineering barriers, the location of geologic violations,3 and many other factors.
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From page 247... ...
The new approach enables comparison of geological sites based on the prediction of their isolation characteristics dynamics during the required period of the radioactive waste isolation, according to the radioactive waste quantity and composition and the enclosing rock massif behavior. The experience of the organization that engaged in rock massif status investigations for more than 40 years for the ecologically dangerous Minatom facility placement is at the heart of this approach.
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