An International Spent Nuclear Fuel Storage Facility Exploring a Russian Site as a Prototype: Proceedings of an International Workshop (2005) / Chapter Skim
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Appendix B: Environmental Effects of Radiation in the Russian Federation
Appendix B: Environmental Effects of Radiation in the Russian Federation
Pages 257-259
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From page 257... ...
On the whole the period of the Cold War and the nuclear arms race left Russia with the most serious consequences in the form of radionuclide contamination of the natural environment, potentially dangerous atomic industry enterprises, and the lamentable results of the operating history of the nuclear submarine fleet of more than 30 years. Rehabilitating areas contaminated by radionuclides requires decades of intensive work and capital investments comparable to those required for the creation of the modern nuclear weapons arsenal.
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From page 258... ...
ENVIRONMENTAL PROBLEMS OF STORING AND RECYCLING EQUIPMENT USED IN THE NUCLEAR POWER INDUSTRY Potential sources of industrial radioactive contamination of the environment in Russia mainly include facilities entailing danger from radiation, such as mining, chemical, and radiochemical complexes, enterprises that enrich nuclear materials or produce or dismantle nuclear weapons, special complexes for the collection and reprocessing of radioactive waste, temporary storage points, nuclear power plants, research reactors, shipbuilding enterprises involved in repairing and decommissioning nuclear-powered ships, and facilities of the Russian Navy and civilian icebreaker fleets. The most serious problem involved in ensuring radiation safety lies in the presence of enormous volumes of liquid and solid radioactive wastes at radiochemical enterprises, such as the Mayak Production Association, the Siberian Chemical Complex, and the Mining-Chemical Complex.
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From page 259... ...
In the matter of reducing the level of danger presented by these sites, great significance must be attached to questions of ensuring environmental safety in the management of spent fuel and radioactive wastes, in the prolonged maintenance of reactor blocs in vessels at anchor, and in the long periods in which Russian nuclear submarines that have been removed from service are left standing without having their spent nuclear fuel removed. Meeting this challenge successfully depends not only on the amount of financing available but also on the technical capabilities of industrial enterprises to carry out an entire range of work involving radiation hazards.
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