Reopening Public Facilities After a Biological Attack A Decision Making Framework (2005) / Chapter Skim
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Executive Summary
Executive Summary
Pages 1-10
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Decontamination was required at many locations. Decontarnination was an extensive undertaking, both for cleanup and for communication involving building managers, government agencies, a host of pnvate- and public-sector experts, and affected building occupants and users.
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Underlying all of this is a question "How clean is clean enough? " The original question placed before the Committee on Standards and Policies for Decontaminating Public Facilities Affected by Exposure to Harmful Biological Agents was "How clean is safe?
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Infectious dose is the term often used to denote the number of organisms it is believed are necessary to overwhelm host defense mechanisms and establish am infection that cam lead to disease. The committee concluded that standard infectious doses for harmful biological agents that could be used as weapons cannot be determined with confidence because the infectivity and virulence of harmful agents can vary by strain, within species, and by type of preparation mto weapons.
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Although such models can be useful in assessing the nsk of exposure to harmful biological agents after cleanup, the essential data to support thorough analysis via quantitative risk assessment are lachug for some agents that might be used as biological weapons.
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RISK ASSESSMENT s Quantitative microbial risk assessment, a discipline developed over the past 20 years, has been used to inform decision making about microbial hazards in food safety, drinking-water quality, and in hospital isolation rooms. The potential variations in agents of the same species and among potential human hosts (immune status)
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That work might use multiple species of organisms or study animal and human tissues to provide information that is relevant for human exposures. With the increasing difficulty of performing nonhuman primate studies, it will become more important to develop in vitro techniques that can be used to develop dose response information (Recommendations 5-1, 5-2, 8-1, 8-2)
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The result could be widespread dispersal of biological contaminants within a building, into transportation and transit vehicles, and into homes or other sites. Indoor air-handling systems can redistribute biological agents by carrying airborne contaminants throughout buildings and then outdoors.
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There are divergent ideas about how much responsibility the government or the owners and operators of public facilities and lands should take to limit public exposure to nsk. Those issues have been addressed in various Situations, and many policy-making lessons can be learned.
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Initiating a plamming procedure that involves relevant stakeholders before an event occurs would expedite decontarninahon and improve the acceptability of decisions made during and after decontammahon. Effechve response to and recovery from a biological attack requires expertise and input from scientists, building engineers, and stakeholders.
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The mechanism should ensure that building managers and owners are kept infommed (Recommendation 11-1)
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