Deterrence, Protection, and Preparation The New Transportation Security Imperative -- Special Report 270 (2002) / Chapter Skim
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Executive Summary
Executive Summary
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Moreover, if applied in the large and diffuse transporta tion sector, these approaches run the risk of creating a diluted and patchwork collection of poorly connected defenses that disperse security resources while leaving many vulnerabilities unprotected against a terrorist attack. Transportation security can best be achieved through coherent security sys tems that are well integrated with transportation operations and are deliber ately designed to deter terrorists even as they selectively guard against and pre pare for terrorist attacks.
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And after the attacks, federal policymakers, seeking to secure commercial aviation and regain public confidence in air travel, did not have a well-designed security system in place that could be assessed methodically to identify gaps that needed to be filled. To be sure, reshaping transportation security approaches to create layered systems of deterrence and protection will not be easy.
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A STRATEGIC RESEARCH AND PLANNING ROLE FOR TSA TSA should establish a strategic research and planning office -- attuned to, but distinct from, the agency's operational and enforcement responsi bilities -- that will work closely with DOT, the modal agencies, other fed eral agencies, state and local governments, and other elements of the public and private sectors on security system research, planning, and deployment. Having a strong analytic capability to undertake systems planning and risk assessment, this recommended office could Devise and evaluate promising security system concepts in collaboration with public- and private-sector owners, operators, and users, and through the application of operations research and human factors expertise;
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A strategic research and planning office within TSA, unencumbered by rulemaking, enforcement, and operational responsibilities, could offer these needed services. AN R&D ROLE THAT BUILDS CONNECTIONS AND EXTENDS BEYOND TRANSPORTATION TSA should collaborate with the public and private sectors to build a strong foundation of research on human factors and transportation opera
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One area in which TSA can play an important role is in ensuring that the nation's human factors expertise is integrated into all aspects of transportation security planning, research, technology develop ment, and operations. Much of this and other needed research and technology development capacity will be available outside the transportation community, in the nation's universities and research institutions, with support from much larger R&D sponsors, such as the Department of Defense, the National Institutes of Health, and the National Science Foundation.
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Thus, as it proceeds in identifying appropriate security systems for each transportation mode, TSA should be prepared to offer guidance to commercial developers on the tech nological capabilities that are most appropriate. By articulating these per formance needs and parameters, TSA can provide technology developers with a clearer target for their R&D efforts.
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Recognizing that such an analytical need exists more generally, the report of the National Academies on Making the Nation Safer: The Role of Science and Technology in Countering Terrorism2 urges the creation of a Homeland Security Institute -- an entity outside normal organizational settings whose sole mission would be to explore and systematically assess terrorist threats, probable responses and reactions, and ensuing consequences. The executive summary of Making the Nation Safer is reprinted in the appendix to the 2 present report.
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