Quarantine Stations at Ports of Entry Protecting the Public's Health (2006) / Chapter Skim
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Appendix E: Microbial Threats of Public Health Significance Originating in Animals or Animal Products at U.S. Ports of Entry
Appendix E: Microbial Threats of Public Health Significance Originating in Animals or Animal Products at U.S. Ports of Entry
Pages 169-198
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-- results of an informal survey of CDC personnel at quarantine stations, and telephone calls to the USDA Animal and Plant Health Inspection Services (APHIS) and state agriculture specialists.
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For instance, under the Plant Protection Act and the Animal Health Protection Act, agriculture inspectors have the authority to conduct warrantless searches of any person or vehicle entering the United States to determine whether the person is carrying any plant or animal in
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171 APPENDIX E violation of the statute (7 U.S.C.
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Under its delegated authority, the Division of Global Migration and Quarantine (DGMQ) fulfills this responsibility through a variety of activities, including: · Operation of quarantine stations at ports of entry.
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. necessary to prevent the introduction, transmission, or spread of communicable diseases from foreign countries into the United States.
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Animal Health Protection Act (PL 107-171) , 21 Legal bases for APHIS monitoring and surveillance U.S.C.
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Prohibits the importation, exportation, taking, and commercialization in interstate or foreign commerce of fish, wildlife, and plants that are listed as threatened or endangered species. Implements provisions of the Convention on International Trade in Endangered Species (CITES)
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. CDC officials are not present at the border on a day-to-day basis, but there are quarantine stations at the international airports in Atlanta, New York, Miami, Chicago, Los Angeles, San Francisco, Seattle, and Honolulu.
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with DHS. The VS National Center for Import/Export works to facilitate international trade; monitors health of animals presented at borders; regulates import and export of animals, animal products, and biologics; and diagnoses foreign and domestic animal diseases.
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border; apprehending people who attempt to enter the United States illegally; detecting counterfeit entry documents; determining the admissibility of people and goods; protecting our agricultural interests from harmful pests or diseases; regulating and facilitating international trade; collecting duties and fees; and enforcing all laws of the United States at our borders)
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Manages core custom and border protection programs (i.e., border security and facilitation, interdiction and security, passenger operations, targeting analysis and canine enforcement, trade compliance and facilitation, trade risk management, enforcement, and seizures and penalties and examines trade operations to focus on antiterrorism. Administers Agricultural Inspection Policy and Programs, AQI at all POEs to protect the health of U.S.
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TABLE E.2 Continued 180 Agencies Function CBP and FDA In October 2003, CBP and FDA entered into an agreement to further protect U.S. food supply.
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USFWS is responsible for the protection of wildlife from environmental hazards, safeguarding habitat for endangered species, and inspection of international cargo, baggage, passengers, and mail to enforce U.S. and international laws regarding trade in endangered and protected species (USFWS, 2002)
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182 QUARANTINE STATIONS AT PORTS OF ENTRY TABLE E.3 Level of Funding Agency- Focus Area FY 2003 FY 2004 FY 2005 FTEs DHS -- CBP $5.9 billion $5.9 billion $6.2 billion 41,001 (Proposed for Agriculture $407 million Quarantine Program) USDA-APHIS-VS $1.355 million Import/Export program (to develop and implement an automated system to track animal and animal product movements)
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CBP will also take consideration of animals of special concern, such as civets, that have been banned by CDC. CBP personnel are trained by CDC in what to look for in animals with respect to public health threats.
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Los Angeles None 2 Miami None 1 medical officer, 1 officer in charge, 2 inspectors and 1 contracted inspector New York No physical resources 6 inspectors, 1 officer in charge, 1 Private veterinary facility at medical officer, and 2 contract airport where shipments of clerical staff animals can be held for Quarantine officers work rotating inspection shifts 88, 7 days a week San Francisco None devoted; animals 2 full-time inspectors, 1 officer in inspected where they arrive charge, and intermittent clerical staff in baggage or cargo area Seattle None 4 SOURCE: Based on Survey of Personnel at CDC quarantine stations. ing trophies and porcupine quills that have not received the proper treatment required by CDC guidelines.
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185 APPENDIX E a product will be held until a CDC inspector can arrive or until directions about how to proceed have been given. For Contraband According to CDC personnel at quarantine stations, contraband occurs infrequently.
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APHIS has jurisdiction under the Animal Health Protection Act to inspect, detain, quarantine, seize, and destroy animals, meat, and meat products in interstate commerce or those being imported into the United States that pose a risk of introducing a pest or foreign animal disease, such as foot-and-mouth disease (FMD) or avian influenza.
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In fact, most believe that the more relaxed relationship fosters better sharing of knowledge at the local level between the various agencies and hence offers better protection against public health threats. However, several acknowledged that a more formal working protocol with APHIS and CBP could help avoid overlapping of responsibilities.
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CDC is finding it difficult to contact the right person to make sure that proper inspection procedure is being conducted to ensure public health protection. In addition, there is some concern regarding the reassignment of CBP inspectors into new jurisdictions that are no longer in alignment with their training or expertise.
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Exporters should be directed to request FSIS export certification of meat and meat products. Foreign countries must have FSIS approval that the foreign inspection service is the equivalent of FSIS.
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Special considerations for expansion of CDC quarantine stations are also described. Information Access The biggest challenge to efforts to prevent public health threats from animal diseases imported into the United States is keeping knowledge current and getting information in a timely fashion.
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Human Resources Lack of adequate staff at CDC quarantine stations is the primary concern among the interviewed CDC personnel. With severely limited human resources, CDC has had to rely on other agencies to enforce most of its regulations at U.S.
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, without any specific policies and guidance on roles, responsibilities, and interactions at the local level among the various agencies, namely, CBP, APHIS, and CDC. Leaving the details to be sorted out at the local level has often led to different and inconsistent implementing policies across the different quarantine stations.
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This is especially true with medical officers. It is stressed that new quarantine stations should never be opened with inexperienced inspectors and officers.
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The Animal and Plant Health Inspection Service and Department of Homeland Security: Working Together to Protect Agriculture. [Online]
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2004. (Plant Protection and Quarantine, Animal and Plant Health Inspection Service, United States Department of Agriculture)
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Please describe the various personnel and their respective agencies involved with prevention/mitigation of public health threats originating from animals entering the United States through the U.S. quarantine stations.
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· For routine notification of imports · For contraband 5. What are the resources currently devoted to animal inspection activities at quarantine stations?
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CDC Centers for Disease Control and Prevention CITES Convention on International Trade in Endangered Species of Wild Flora and Fauna DFO Director of Field Operations (DHS OFO) DGMQ Division of Global Migration and Quarantine (CDC NCID)
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