Rising Above the Gathering Storm Energizing and Employing America for a Brighter Economic Future (2007) / Chapter Skim
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Ensuring That the United States Is at the Forefront in Critical Fields of Science and Technology
Ensuring That the United States Is at the Forefront in Critical Fields of Science and Technology
Pages 432-443
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From page 432... ...
They have included support for R&D partnerships among companies and between industry and government, support for R&D activities in small companies, programs to support academic research in areas of interest to industry, policies to encourage commercialization of inventions made by federal laboratories and those made by academic researchers with federal support, initiatives to coordinate federal R&D in areas of interest to several agencies, and the creation of private-sector advisory committees concerned with the future international competitiveness of particular industries. Some of these programs have attracted controversy.
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• Have such agencies as the Securities and Exchange Commission, the Federal Communications Commission, and the Internal Revenue Service consider launching industry–university collaborative research centers to benefit the services industries. • Re-examine and amend the Bayh–Dole Act to encourage collaboration among university licensing offices, thereby promoting economic development.
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Possible federal actions to improve and extend these programs include the following: • Bridge the funding gap between phase I and phase II awards provided by the SBIR program.6 • Increase the number of phase II SBIR awards at the expense of phase I awards.7 • Regularly assess SBIR program results and compare with the Department of Defense (DOD) Fast Track results, and assess the costs and benefits of better integrating SBIR awards in the development of "clusters" around universities and technology parks.8 • Create a National Institute of Innovation that would provide venture capital for innovative startup companies to smooth the peaks and valleys of private-sector venture-capital flows.9 A similar idea, called the Civil 2National Research Council.
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Appendix Table 4-39. ian Technology Corporation, was proposed by a National Academies committee some years ago.10 THE ADVANCED TECHNOLOGY PROGRAM AND OTHER CONSORTIA Partly as a response to Japan's success in benefiting from industrial consortia in such areas as steel and semiconductors, Congress passed the National Cooperative Research Act in 1984.
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Figure EL-1 shows how ATP funding has fluctuated over the years. ATP also supports an extensive program of evaluation and research, which has supported work at the National Academies and the National Bureau of Economic Research.12 Possible federal actions to derive advantage from government–industry partnerships and industrial consortia include the following: • Create "Innovation Acceleration" grants to stimulate high-risk research.13 These grants would be supported through a set aside of 3% of agency R&D budgets.
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SOURCE: Advanced Technology Program. "ATP Factsheet: 3.A.3: ATP Awards Summary Data-Funding ($ Millions)
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At the time when the STCs program was being considered for renewal, a National Academies committee recommended that the program continue.24 Figure EL-2 shows how the various NSF centers programs fit into the overall funding picture. Options for federal action include the following: • Establish a new, large, multi-agency centers program.
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FY 2005 Performance and Accountability Report. Arlington, VA: National Science Foundation, 2005.
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30National Research Council. Review of the Research Program of the Partnership for a New Generation of Vehicles.
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Background paper for Re-Engineering Intellectual Property Rights Agreements in Industry-University Collaborations. Government-University-Industry Research Roundtable, National Academies, June 26, 2003.
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A more recent example is the Commission on the Future of the United States Aerospace Industry.36 A followup effort, the National Aerospace Initiative, has sought to involve the relevant agencies in the development of technology roadmaps for the industry.37 The President's Information Technology Advisory Committee, which was disbanded in June 2005, issued a final report recommending that federal agencies change the way they fund computational science and calling on the National Academies to lead a roadmapping effort.38 Several years ago, an advisory committee to NSF recommended the launch of an effort to boost cyberinfrastructure for research enabled by information technology.39 34A.
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• Commission the National Academies to convene one or more task forces to develop and maintain a multidecade roadmap for computational science and the fields that require it, with a goal of ensuring continuing US leadership in science, engineering, the social sciences, and the humanities. • Direct NSF to establish and lead a large-scale, interagency, and internationally coordinated Advanced Cyberinfrastructure Program to create, deploy, and apply cyberinfrastructure in ways that radically empower all scientific and engineering research and allied education.
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